Abstract
Short growing seasons in regions with cold or semi-cold climates are a major obstacle to commercial grape production, as they negatively impact the quality and quantity of the crop yield, mainly due to insufficient uniform bud break. Consequently, this study evaluated the effects of foliar application of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex) solution at 0% (control) and 1% concentrations on 10-year-old ‘Askari’ grape (Vitis vinifera ‘Askari’) trees. The aim was to investigate hydrogen cyanamide as a rest-break agent and understand its physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to bud dormancy release in regions with cold/semi-cold climates. The results showed that catalase activity decreased in hydrogen cyanamide-treated buds (1%) compared to untreated control samples during the second, third, and fourth sampling dates. Correspondingly, hydrogen peroxide accumulated in the treated buds during this period. Putrescine concentration increased over six-fold with 1% hydrogen cyanamide application compared to initial levels during dormancy release. In contrast, spermine and spermidine concentrations significantly declined by about 90 and 80%, respectively. Hydrogen cyanamide also increased total nitrogen concentration in buds and attributed to elevated amino acids like proline, glutamine, arginine, ornithine, and citrulline. In conclusion, the findings indicate that hydrogen cyanamide application enhanced bud break by 7.78 and 6.67% at 20 and 30 days after treatment compared to controls. Our findings suggest hydrogen cyanamide can induce bud break by altering activity of antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of polyamines, amino acids, and nitrogen.
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Sadegh Jamshidian conducted the experiment and performed the data analyses. Saeid Eshghi was the project supervisor, designed the research, provided technical support during the laboratory work, and reviewed the manuscript. Asghar Ramezanian helped design the experiment and provided technical support during the laboratory work. Babak Jamali wrote and reviewed the manuscript.
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Jamshidian, S., Eshghi, S., Ramezanian, A. et al. Biochemical Changes Induced by Hydrogen Cyanamide Foliar Application in the Buds of ‘Askari’ Grape. Applied Fruit Science 66, 629–639 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-01022-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-01022-3