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Photobiomodulation combined with adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated in methacrylated gelatin hydrogels enhances in vivo bone regeneration

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Abstract

Reconstruction of bone defects is still a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of photobiomodulation (PBM) to enhance in vivo bone regeneration and osteogenic differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) encapsulated in methacrylated gelatin (GEL-MA) hydrogels. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into 3 experimental groups (n = 12 each). The groups were control/blank defect (I), GEL-MA hydrogel (II), and ADSC-loaded GEL-MA (GEL-MA+ADSC) hydrogel (III). Biparietal critical sized bone defects (6 mm in size) are created in each animal. Half of the animals from each group (n = 6 each) were randomly selected for PBM application using polychromatic light in the near infrared region, 600–1200 nm. PBM was administered from 10 cm distance cranially in 48 h interval. The calvaria were harvested at the 20th week, and macroscopic, microtomographic, and histologic evaluation were performed for further analysis. Microtomographic evaluation demonstrated the highest result for mineralized matrix formation (MMF) in group III. PBM receiving samples of group III showed mean MMF of 79.93±3.41%, whereas the non-PBM receiving samples revealed mean MMF of 60.62±6.34 % (p=0.002). In terms of histologic evaluation of bone defect repair, the higher scores were obtained in the groups II and III when compared to the control group (2.0 for both PBM receiving and non-receiving specimens; p<0.001). ADSC-loaded microwave-induced GEL-MA hydrogels and periodic application of photobiomodulation with polychromatic light appear to have beneficial effect on bone regeneration and can stimulate ADSCs for osteogenic differentiation.

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Funding

This work was supported from the Hacettepe University Scientific Research Foundation (Grant No: THD-2017-14465).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Mert Calis, Murat Kara, Galip Gencay Üstün & Figen Özgür

  2. Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Gülseren Irmak, Tugrul Tolga Demirtaş & Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu

  3. Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Nature Sciences, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey

    Gülseren Irmak

  4. Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Tugrul Tolga Demirtaş

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu

  6. Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, TOBB University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayten Türkkanı & Ayşe Nur Çakar

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  1. Mert Calis
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Contributions

Mert Calis designed the animal study, conducted the experiments, and wrote the paper. Murat Kara and Galip Gencay Üstün contributed the animal experiments, postoperative care, and application of the PBM. Gülseren Irmak and Tuğrul Tolga Demirtaş prepared the stem cells and the biomaterials for the study. Tuğrul Tolga Demirtaş and Mert Calis performed the microCT analyses. Ayşe Nur Çakar and Ayten Türkkanı performed the histological analyses. Menemşe Gümüşderelioğlu and Figen Özgür designed and supervised the study and edited the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mert Calis.

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The study was conducted, and all animal experiments were performed following approval of the Institutional Review Board of Hacettepe University on Experimental Studies (Approval no.: 2017/29-04).

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Calis, M., Irmak, G., Demirtaş, T.T. et al. Photobiomodulation combined with adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated in methacrylated gelatin hydrogels enhances in vivo bone regeneration. Lasers Med Sci 37, 595–606 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03308-y

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