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Laser Nd:YAG patterning enhance human osteoblast behavior on zirconia implants

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Abstract

Zirconia has been regarded as a promising material for dental implants, and Nd:YAG laser treatment has been proposed as a potential strategy to improve its bioactivity. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro behavior of human fetal osteoblasts in contact with laser-textured zirconia implant surfaces assessing the effect of different texture patterns, spacing between laser passes and number of laser passes. Zirconia discs were produced and treated with Nd:YAG laser according to test group variables: texture (microgrooves and micropillar array), distance between surface features (25 μm, 30 μm and 35 μm), and laser passes [1, 2, 4, and 8]. Untextured sandblasted and acid-etched zirconia discs (SBAE) were used as controls. Human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) were cultured for 14 days on test and control samples. Morphology and cellular adhesion were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days using a commercial resazurin-based method. Collagen type I was evaluated at 3 days using ELISA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was evaluated at 7 days using a colorimetric enzymatic technique. Group comparisons were tested using ANOVA or Mann-Whitney test (Tukey’s post hoc) using statistical software, and significance was set at p < 0.05. Cell viability and proliferation increased over time for all groups with statistically higher values for laser-textured groups when compared with control at 7 and 14 days in culture (p < 0.05). Collagen type I levels were higher for study groups (p < 0.05) when compared with control group. No statistically differences were detected for ALP activity levels between texture and control groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that laser-machined zirconia implant surfaces may benefit biological osteoblast response. However, the type of texture, spacing at the range of 25–35 μm, and number of laser passes did not seem to be relevant variables.

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Funding

This work was supported by the FCT (Foundation for Science and Techonology, Portugal) with the reference FunImp project 01-0145-FEDER-030498 and co-financed by.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oral Biology and Biochemistry Research Group, LIBPhys, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal

    Beatriz Ferreira Fernandes, Mariana Brito da Cruz, Joana Faria Marques & António Duarte Sola Pereira da Mata

  2. Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal

    Sara Madeira, Óscar Carvalho & Filipe Samuel Silva

  3. Bone Physiology Research Group, LIBPhys, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal

    João Manuel Mendez Caramês

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  1. Beatriz Ferreira Fernandes
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  2. Mariana Brito da Cruz
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  3. Joana Faria Marques
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  4. Sara Madeira
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Correspondence to Beatriz Ferreira Fernandes.

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Fernandes, B.F., da Cruz, M.B., Marques, J.F. et al. Laser Nd:YAG patterning enhance human osteoblast behavior on zirconia implants. Lasers Med Sci 35, 2039–2048 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03066-3

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