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Pollen development in Rhododendron in relation to winter dormancy and bloom time

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Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of Rhododendron ledebourii (semi-deciduous), Rhododendron luteum (deciduous), and Rhododendron catawbiense (evergreen) were studied by light and electron microscopies in order to determine the stages of pollen development in relation to period of winter dormancy and bloom time throughout an annual growth cycle. Development of generative organs starts in June in R. ledebourii and in July in R. luteum and R. catawbiense and reaches completion about 11 months later. R. luteum and R. catawbiense microspores undergo meiosis at the end of the August and spend winter at the vacuolization stage. Mitosis with the formation of bicellular pollen grain occurs shortly before flowering at the beginning of June. R. ledebourii develops two types of flowers which differ in the timing of microgametogenesis. The first type is characterized by early microspore meiosis and mitosis leading to development of bicellular pollen grains by the end of August, and is prone to fall blooming during warm autumn temperatures. Microspores of the second flower type have a more prolonged vacuolization stage with mitosis and subsequent bicellular pollen grains occurring in November. By winter, flower buds in R. ledebourii are more advanced developmentally than in R. catawbiense and R. luteum, and bloom about 1 month earlier. The different strategies of pollen development identified both within and between these three Rhododendron species were recognized which are not associated with leaf drop during winter but appear to be related to the time of spring flowering and the frequency of autumn flowering.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based upon work supported by the Research Foundation of American Rhododendron Society, grant # 133 and by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research, grant # 13-04-00876. We thank Irina Descharmes for reviewing the English. We appreciate the Core Center “Cell and Molecular Technology in the Plant Science” at the Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg) for use of its facilities.

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  1. V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Science, 2, Prof. Popov St., 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Olga E. Mirgorodskaya, Nuria K. Koteyeva, Alexandra V. Volchanskaya & Evgeny A. Miroslavov

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  1. Olga E. Mirgorodskaya
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  2. Nuria K. Koteyeva
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  3. Alexandra V. Volchanskaya
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Correspondence to Nuria K. Koteyeva.

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Mirgorodskaya, O.E., Koteyeva, N.K., Volchanskaya, A.V. et al. Pollen development in Rhododendron in relation to winter dormancy and bloom time. Protoplasma 252, 1313–1323 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0764-y

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