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Tapetum: regulation and role in sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Pollen acts as a biological protector for protecting male sperm from various harsh conditions and is covered by an outer cell wall polymer called the exine, a major constituent of which is sporopollenin. The tapetum is in direct contact with the developing gametophytes and plays an essential role in pollen wall and pollen coat formation. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying tapetal development remain highly elusive, but molecular genetic studies have identified a number of genes that control the formation, differentiation, and programmed cell death of tapetum and interactions of genes in tapetal development. Herein, several lines of evidence suggest that sporopollenin is built up via catalytic enzyme reactions in the tapetum. Furthermore, as based on genetic evidence, we review the currently accepted understanding of the molecular regulation of sporopollenin biosynthesis and examine unanswered questions regarding the requirements underpinning proper exine pattern formation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Xing-Wang Deng for useful advice. We also thank anonymous reviewers and the journal editor for their critical comments on the manuscript. We apologize to colleagues for not being able to cite all relevant and earlier papers because of space limitations and the focus of the article on recent research.

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  1. National Centre for Molecular Crop Design, Beijing, 100085, China

    Liang Liu & Xiu-duo Fan

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Correspondence to Liang Liu.

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Liu, L., Fan, Xd. Tapetum: regulation and role in sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis . Plant Mol Biol 83, 165–175 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-013-0085-5

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