Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 based on the use of dye-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A chemiluminescent immunoassay for the staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1) based on the use of dye-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (m-SiNPs) as a label is described. The dyes are retained in the m-SiNPs via strong hydrophobic interactions. The assay comprises the following steps: (a) Microplates coated with antibody against SEC1 are filled with sample upon which the SEC antigen will be bound to the surface; (b) following a washing step, secondary antibody linked to m-SiNPs (that were covalently labeled with rhodamine 6G and fluorescein) were added to form the sandwich complex; (c) after another washing step, bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate, H2O2 and imidazole are added to generate chemiluminescence whose intensity is proportional to the number of m-SiNPs and thus to the number of antigen (SEC) molecules. It is found that the use of functionalized m-SiNPs strongly amplifies the signal. Enterotoxin SEC1 can be detected by this method in the 0.025 to 2 ng⋅mL‾1 concentration range, the detection limit is 19 pg⋅mL‾1 (at 3σ), and the relative standard deviation (for 11 parallel measurements at a 1 ng⋅mL‾1 level) is 4.6 %. The use of an automated chemiluminescence analyzer further improves detection.

A chemiluminescent immunoassay for the staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1) is developed based on dye-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (m-SiNPs) and bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO)-H2O2-dyes chemiluminescent system. The advantage of this method is low detection limit to 19 pg⋅mL‾1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lee WM (1997) Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 337:1733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hedlund G, Dohlsten M, Petrsson C (1995) Superantigen induce cytokinc suppress growth of human coloncarcinomacels. Cancer Immucnol Immunother 37:89

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dohlsten M, Sundstedt A, Bjorklund M (1993) Superantigen-induced cytokines suppress growth of human colon-carcinoma cells. Cancer 54:482

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. White J, Herman A, Pullen AM (1989) The v beta specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: stimulation of mature t cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice. Cell 56:27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bohach GA, Kreiswirth BN, Novick RP, Schlievert PM (1989) Analysis of toxic shock syndrome isolates producing staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C1 with use of southern hybridization and immunologic assays. Rev Infect Dis 11(Suppl 1):S75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bohach GA, Fast DJ, Nelson RD, Schlievert PM (1990) Staphylococcal and streptococcal pyrogenic toxins involved in toxic shock syndrome and related illnesses. Crit Rev Microbiol 17:251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zorgani A, Essery SD, Madani OA, Bentley AJ, James VS, MacKenzie DA, Keeling JW, Rambaud C, Hilton J, Blackwell CC (1999) Detection of pyrogenic toxins of Staphylococcus aureus in sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 25:103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mäntynen V, Niemelä S, Kaijalainen S, Pirhonen T, Lindström KV (1997) MPN-PCR-quantification method for staphylococcal enterotoxin c1 gene from fresh cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 36:135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Giletto A, Fyffe JG (1998) A novel ELISA format for the rapid and sensitive detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 62:2217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kientz CE, Hulst AG, Wils ER (1997) Determination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B by on-line (micro) liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 757(1–2):51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rasooly A, Ito Y (1999) Toroidal coil countercurrent chromatography separation and analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in milk. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 22:1285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ligler FS, Taitt CR, Shriver-Lake LC, Sapsford KE, Shubin Y, Golden JP (2003) Array biosensor for detection of toxins. Anal Bioanal Chem 377(3):469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rowe-Taitt CA, Golden JP, Feldstein MJ, Cras JJ, Hoffman KE, Ligler FS (2000) Array biosensor for detection of biohazards. Biosens Bioelectron 14:785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dong S, Luo G, Feng J, Li Q, Gao H (2001) Immunoassay of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 by FTIR spectroscopy and electrochemical gold electrode. Electroanalysis 13:30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Goldman ER, Balighian ED, Mattoussi H, Kuno MK, Mauro JM, Tran PT, Anderson GP (2002) Avidin: a natural bridge for quantum dot-antibody conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 124:6378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lin HC, Tsai WC (2003) Piezoelectric crystal immunosensor for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biosens Bioelectron 18:1479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Luo LR, Zhang ZJ, Chen LJ, Ma LF (2006) Chemiluminescent imaging detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 in milk and water samples. Food Chem 97:355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hun X, Zhang ZJ (2007) A novel sensitive staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 fluoroimmunoassay based on functionalized fluorescent core-shell nanoparticle labels. Food Chem 105:1623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Huang Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang X, Duan N, Wu S, Xu B, Wang Z (2015) A multicolor time-resolved fluorescence aptasensor for the simultaneous detection of multiplex Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in the milk. Biosens Bioelectron 74:170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Hartmann M (2005) Ordered mesoporous materials for bioadsorption and biocatalysis. Chem Mater 17:4577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yiu HHP, Wright PA (2005) Enzymes supported on ordered mesoporous solids: a special case of an inorganic–organic hybrid. J Mater Chem 15:3690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lei C, Soares TA, Shin Y, Liu J, Ackerman EJ (2008) Enzyme specific activity in functionalized nanoporous supports. Nanotechnology 19:125102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Vinu A, Miyahara M, Ariga K (2006) Assemblies of biomaterials in mesoporous media. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 6:1510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu W, Ma C, Yang H, Zhang Y, Yan M, Ge S, Song X (2014) Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using a paper electrode incorporating porous silver and modified with mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with blue-luminescent carbon dots. Microchim Acta 181(11–12):1415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Roda A, Mirasoli M, Roda B, Bonvicini F, Colliva C, Reschiglian P (2012) Recent developments in rapid multiplexed bioanalytical methods for foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection. Microchim Acta 178:7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bamrungsap S, Apiwat C, Chantima W, Dharakul T, Wiriyachaiporn N (2014) Rapid and sensitive lateral flow immunoassay for influenza antigen using fluorescently-doped silica nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 181(1–2):223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cho EB, Volkov DO, Sokolov I (2010) Ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Small 6:2314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tao L, Zhang K, Sun YJ, Jin BQ, Zhang ZJ, Yang K (2012) Anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule monoclonal antibody conjugated fluorescent nanoparticle biosensor for sensitive detection of colon cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 35:186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Tao L, Song CJ, Sun YJ, Li XH, Li YY, Jin BQ, Zhang ZJ, Yang K (2013) A fluorescent and chemiluminescent difunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticle as a label for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells. Anal Chim Acta 761:194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 81171977 and 31500614) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014 M562598).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China

    Liang Tao, Chunmei Zhang, Yuanjie Sun, Boquan Jin & Kun Yang

  2. Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, China

    Liang Tao, Xiaohua Li & Zhujun Zhang

  3. Brigade of Cadet, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China

    Jinpeng Zhang & Kuocheng Yan

Authors
  1. Liang Tao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chunmei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jinpeng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuanjie Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiaohua Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kuocheng Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Boquan Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zhujun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Kun Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhujun Zhang or Kun Yang.

Additional information

Liang Tao, Chunmei Zhang and Jinpeng Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 111 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tao, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, J. et al. Sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 based on the use of dye-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 183, 2163–2168 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1849-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1849-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation