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Mycorrhizal synthesis between Lactarius deliciosus and Arbutus unedo L.

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Abstract

Arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthesized in vitro between Arbutus unedo L. and two isolates of Lactarius deliciosus. The fungal isolates were obtained from sporocarps collected under Pinus sylvestris and in a mixed forest stand of Quercus suber and Pinus pinea. Synthesis tubes filled with a mixture of sterilized peat, vermiculite, and perlite imbibed with nutrient solution were used. Two inoculation methods using solid and liquid media were tested. Shoots from an adult selected clone of A. unedo were used after in vitro rooting by auxin dipping. After 3 months of shoots transfer to the substrate, the root systems were examined for arbutoid mycorrhizae formation and later on ex vitro conditions, 9 months after acclimatization. The inoculum treatment with liquid medium improved the mycorrhizal development for both isolates, in vitro. Sterilized substrate for plant acclimatization increased the mycorrhizal development. The arbutoid mycorrhizae were observed in vitro as well as 9 months after acclimatization. Standard arbutoid mycorrhiza features were observed: pale yellow mantle, typical cruciform appearance, Hartig net (HN), and intracellular hyphal complexes, both confined to the epidermis. L. deliciosus mycorrhizae synthetized in vitro persisted 9 months after plant acclimatization. Morphological observations were confirmed by molecular techniques.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Herbario Jaime Andrés, Universidad de León (Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos Forestales El Serranillo, Guadalajara, Spain) for kindly granting the L. deliciosus isolate collected in Léon (BO/2264). We thank Patricia Figueiredo for helping us in the laboratory. This work was supported by PRODER Projet, 4.1 Cooperation for Innovation ref. no. 43748 and PTDC/AGR-FOR/3746/2012 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).

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  1. Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária, CERNAS, Bencanta, 3040-316, Coimbra, Portugal

    Filomena Gomes, Diego Suárez & Rita Santos

  2. GREENCLON LDA, R. António Jardim No 24 R/c D to Frente, 3000-035, Coimbra, Portugal

    Rita Santos

  3. Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159, Oeiras, Portugal

    Márcia Silva, Daniel Gaspar & Helena Machado

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  1. Filomena Gomes
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Correspondence to Filomena Gomes.

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Gomes, F., Suárez, D., Santos, R. et al. Mycorrhizal synthesis between Lactarius deliciosus and Arbutus unedo L.. Mycorrhiza 26, 177–188 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-015-0656-1

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