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Trefoil factor 3 shows anti-inflammatory effects on activated microglia

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Abstract

Microglial cells are a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines during central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. They can develop a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype and an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Shifting the phenotype from M1 to M2 might be an important mechanism to overcome CNS inflammation and to prevent or reduce neuronal damage. Here, we demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory protein trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is secreted by astrocytes and that its transcription is significantly reduced after incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, we demonstrate that microglial cells cultured in the presence of TFF3 show reduced expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines after LPS stimulation.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge R. Sprang, R. Worm, M. Grell, M. Kölln, K. Neblung-Masuhr and G. Schäfer for superb technical support.

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Author notes

  1. Ann-Kristin Helmers

    Present address: Institute of Neurosurgery UKSH Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anatomical Institute, Otto-Hahn Platz 8, 24188, Kiel, Germany

    Philipp Arnold, Uta Rickert, Ann-Kristin Helmers, Jessica Spreu, Janna Schneppenheim & Ralph Lucius

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  1. Philipp Arnold
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  2. Uta Rickert
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  3. Ann-Kristin Helmers
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ralph Lucius.

Additional information

Philipp Arnold, Uta Rickert and Ann-Kristin Helmers contributed equally to this work.

We thank the medical faculty of the Kiel University for financial support (to P.A.).

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Arnold, P., Rickert, U., Helmers, AK. et al. Trefoil factor 3 shows anti-inflammatory effects on activated microglia. Cell Tissue Res 365, 3–11 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2370-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-016-2370-5

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