Abstract
Background
Gene expression is an important process underpinning the acute and chronic adaptive response to resistance exercise (RE) training.
Purpose
To investigate the effect of training status on vastus lateralis muscle global transcriptome at rest and following acute RE.
Methods
Muscle biopsies of nine young men (age: 26(2) years; body mass: 69(9) kg; height 172(6) cm) who undertook RE training for 10 weeks were collected pre and 24 h post-RE in the untrained (W1) and trained (W10) states and analysed using microarray. Tests of differential expression were conducted for rested and after RE contrasts in both training states. To control for false discovery rate (FDR), multiple testing correction was performed at a cut-off of FDR < 0.05.
Results
Unaccustomed RE (at W1) upregulated muscle gene transcripts related to stress (e.g., heat shock proteins), damage and inflammation, structural remodelling, protein turnover and increased translational capacity. Trained muscles (at W10) showed changes in the transcriptome signature regarding the regulation of energy metabolism, favouring a more oxidative one, upregulated antioxidant- and immune-related genes/terms, and gene transcripts related to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix, muscle contraction, development and growth.
Conclusions
These results highlight that chronic repetition of RE changes muscle transcriptome response towards a more refined response to RE-induced stress.
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Abbreviations
- FDR:
-
False discovery rate
- GO:
-
Gene ontology
- HSP:
-
Heat shock proteins
- mTOR:
-
Mechanistic target of rapamycin
- p70S6K:
-
p70 Ribosomal S6 kinase
- RE:
-
Resistance exercise
- KEGG:
-
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- W1:
-
Untrained state
- W10:
-
Trained state
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge all the volunteers that participated in this study. This study was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants (#2013/21218-4 and #2017/04299-1 to CAL), CAPES-PROEX and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (RGPIN-2015-04613 to SMP). SMP also acknowledges support from the Canada Research Chairs program. FD was supported by FAPESP Grants (#2012/24499-1, #2014/19594-0, #2016/24259-1 and #2018/13064-0). CU, HR and VT are supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Grant (CU: #303085/2015-0 and #448387/2014-0; HR: #307023/2014-1; VT: #310823/2013-7).
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FD had original idea of the study and the final study design was developed by FD, CU, CAL, MEL, FCV, VT, HR and SMP. Participants were recruited and trained at the School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, by FD, MEL, FCV and PRJ. AJH and CM conducted the RNA preparation to the microarray procedure. HM performed the biostatistical procedures and analyses. All authors participated in the interpretation of the data. FD, HM and PRJ designed the figures and supplementary tables. FD wrote the first version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the manuscript, reviewed it, and approved the content of the final version.
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All procedures performed herein were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Communicated by Phillip D. Chilibeck.
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Damas, F., Ugrinowitsch, C., Libardi, C.A. et al. Resistance training in young men induces muscle transcriptome-wide changes associated with muscle structure and metabolism refining the response to exercise-induced stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 2607–2616 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3984-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3984-y