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Validity of a triaxial accelerometer and simplified physical activity record in older adults aged 64–96 years: a doubly labeled water study

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Abstract

Background

The aim was to examine the validity of a triaxial accelerometer (ACCTRI) and a simplified physical activity record (sPAR) in estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in older adults with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method.

Methods

A total of 44 Japanese elderly individuals (64–96 years), of which 28 were community-dwelling healthy adults with or without sporting habits (S or NS group) and 16 were care home residents with frailty (F group), were included in the study. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry, TEE was obtained by the DLW method, and PAL was calculated as TEE/BMR. Daily step count was monitored by a pedometer (Lifecorder). The 24-h average metabolic equivalent was assessed by ACCTRI and sPAR.

Results

The TEEDLW in men was 2704 ± 353, 2308 ± 442, and 1795 ± 338 kcal d−1, and that in women was 2260 ± 208, 1922 ± 285, and 1421 ± 274 kcal d−1 for the S, NS, and F groups, respectively. ACCTRI and sPAR systematically underestimated actual TEE (− 14.2 ± 11.6 and − 15.3 ± 12.3% for ACCTRI and sPAR, respectively). After diet-induced thermogenesis was taken into account for ACCTRI and sPAR, TEEDLW was significantly correlated with TEEACCTRI (R2 = 0.714) and TEEsPAR (R2 = 0.668). PALDLW was also significantly correlated with PALACCTRI (R2 = 0.438) and PALsPAR (R2 = 0.402).

Conclusions

Age, living conditions, frailty, and sporting habits contribute to TEE and PAL in the elderly population. ACCTRI and sPAR underestimated TEE and PAL, and adequate corrections are required. The corrected ACCTRI and sPAR are both useful tools to estimate TEE and PAL.

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Abbreviations

ACCTRI:

Triaxial accelerometer

AEE:

Physical activity energy expenditure

BMI:

Body mass index

DIT:

Diet-induced thermogenesis

DLW:

Doubly labeled water

EER:

Estimated energy requirement

F group:

Care home residents

FFM:

Fat-free mass

FM:

Fat mass

IAEA:

International Atomic Energy Agency

mBMR:

Measured basal metabolic rate

MET:

Metabolic equivalent

Nd:

2H dilution spaces

No:

18O dilution spaces

NS group:

Community-dwelling healthy adults without sporting habits

PAL:

Physical activity level

pBMR:

Predicted basal metabolic rate

rCO2 :

Rate of carbon dioxide production

RDA:

Recommended dietary allowance

RER:

Estimated 24-h respiratory exchange ratio

S group:

Community-dwelling healthy adults with sporting habits

SD:

Standard deviation

sPAR:

Simplified physical activity record

TBW:

Total body water

TEE:

Total energy expenditure

VO2 :

Oxygen uptake

WHO:

World Health Organization

Wt:

Body weight

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Acknowledgements

The current research is supported by Grants of JSPS KAKENHI for MK (24240091).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Healthy Longevity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan

    Yosuke Yamada & Aya Itoi

  2. Minami Yamashiro Gakuen, Kyoto, Japan

    Yukako Hashii-Arishima

  3. Graduate School of Nursing for Health Care Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Yukako Hashii-Arishima

  4. Department of Business Administration, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan

    Keiichi Yokoyama

  5. Department of Health, Sports and Nutrition, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Japan

    Aya Itoi

  6. Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, Japan

    Tetsuji Adachi

  7. Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kameoka, Japan

    Misaka Kimura

  8. Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Misaka Kimura

Authors
  1. Yosuke Yamada
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  2. Yukako Hashii-Arishima
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  3. Keiichi Yokoyama
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  4. Aya Itoi
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  5. Tetsuji Adachi
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  6. Misaka Kimura
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Contributions

YY, KY, and MK conceived and designed the experiments; YY, YA, KY, AI, TA, and MK performed the experiments; YY analyzed the data and wrote the draft. All of the authors approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yosuke Yamada.

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Communicated by Klaas R. Westerterp.

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Yamada, Y., Hashii-Arishima, Y., Yokoyama, K. et al. Validity of a triaxial accelerometer and simplified physical activity record in older adults aged 64–96 years: a doubly labeled water study. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 2133–2146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3944-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3944-6

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