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The impact of aerobic endurance training on cognitive performance in schizophrenic inpatients in a clinical routine setting

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Abstract

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aerobic endurance training in schizophrenic inpatients on cognitive performance in a clinical routine setting. Of secondary interest was the influence on psychopathological symptoms. A total of 31 schizophrenic inpatients were randomly assigned to receive either controlled endurance training or occupational therapy. The experimental group underwent endurance training of 20–30 min each, 3 times per week for a total of up to 22 training sessions. The control group received about 90 min of occupational therapy, 2–3 times per week for up to 22 sessions. Cognitive performance was assessed via an extensive neuropsychological examination before randomization and prior to discharge. Significant improvements in cognitive functions and psychopathology could be shown in both groups. For verbal memory functions (short-term memory, working memory, and learning performance), there was a significant advantage for the aerobic endurance training group. Physical exercise is a feasible, easy-to-implement add-on therapy for schizophrenic patients in a clinical routine setting with positive effects on verbal memory functions. Besides, it seems important to fill the gap between inpatient and outpatient health care, providing physical training supply for this patient group.

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The data are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the participants for taking part in this study as well as their colleagues at the kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, in particular Mr. Ralf Rössler (Head of Sports Therapy) and Dr. Johannes Unterberger (Head of Occupational Therapy) and the staff of the Department of Neuropsychology for their active support during this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuropsychology, Clinical Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, Geriatrics and Neurology, kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Wasserburg/Inn, Germany

    Elisa Semler, Florian Herpich, Leonhard Zellner, Sarah Zwick, Peter Zwanzger & Alexander Brunnauer

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Peter Zwanzger & Alexander Brunnauer

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  1. Elisa Semler
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  2. Florian Herpich
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Contributions

AB and SZ contributed to study concept and research design; AB, SZ, and FH contributed to methodology; SZ and FH organized data; ES, FH, SZ, and AB drafted the manuscript; ES, FH, LZ, SZ, PZ, and AB performed editing; AB and PZ did supervision; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alexander Brunnauer.

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Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest to declare for this study. ES, FH, LZ, and SZ declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. AB received speakers honoraria, financial research support, and travel grants from Recordati Pharma GmbH and Schuhfried GmbH within the last 3 years. Over the last 3 years, PZ has received speaker fees or honoraria for advisory board participation from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MedTrix, Hennig, Schwabe, Servier, Sympatient, and Neuraxpharm. All these affiliations have no relevance to the work covered in this manuscript.

Ethical approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.

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Semler, E., Herpich, F., Zellner, L. et al. The impact of aerobic endurance training on cognitive performance in schizophrenic inpatients in a clinical routine setting. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-024-01773-4

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