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The Glycine Max Abscisic Acid-Activated Protein Kinase-Like Kinase 1 (GmAALK1) Modulates Drought Stress Response

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Abstract

Abscisic acid-activated protein kinases (AAPK) are key components in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and have been implicated in mediating responses to abiotic stresses in plants. However, the mechanistic involvement of AAPK genes in drought stress responses has not been functionally characterized to date in soybean. In this study, we identified Glycine max AAPK-like kinase (GmAALK) genes. Loss-of-function analysis of GmAALK1 in soybean reveal that GmAALK1-RNAi plants are more drought-susceptible than pRAP17-ccdB control lines under drought stress. In contrast, GmAALK1 overexpression lines show enhanced drought resistance under drought stress as compared to pRAP15-ccdB control plants. A root transcriptome analysis reveals the differential expression of many genes related to physiological and biochemical changes in GmAALK1-RNAi plants when compared with the pRAP17-ccdB control plants with or without drought stress. Twelve candidate drought-responsive, differentially-expressed genes have been selected to understand the role of GmAALK1 in during the drought response. Gene expression analyses revealed that GmAALK1 positively modulates the drought stress response. These studies suggest that GmAALK1 overexpressing roots increase the transcription of ABA-responsive genes, indicating that the GmAALK1 is a positive regulator of ABA-mediated stress-signaling pathways in soybean. The phylogenetic and domain analyses also support that GmAALK1 is an AAPK and that it has a role in the drought response. These results provide a genetic foundation for developing drought-tolerant soybean cultivars via manipulating kinase gene family which will be applicable to additional cultivated crops experiencing drought conditions relating to climate change.

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Data Availability

The newly generated RNA-seq data discussed in this article can be found in National Center for Biotechnology Information Short Read Archive sequence database unde the accession number PRJNA641330. Other supporting data are included as supplemental files.

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Acknowledgements

SS was supported by an MAFES (Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station) Director’s Doctoral Fellowship awarded to JL and KR. This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch/Multi-State Project (Multistate No. NC1200; Project No. MIS-153230) under Accession No. 1014489. This research was partially supported by MAFES Strategic Research Initiative grants to JL and VPK. GVP acknowledges the support from the USDA-Agricultural Research Unit through the Big Data: Biocomputing, Bioinformatics, and Biological Discovery, Project Number: 6066-21310-004-25-S and from the 2018 MAFES Strategic Research Initiative at Mississippi State University.

Funding

National Institute of Food and Agriculture,MIS-153230,Jiaxu Li,Accession No. 1014489,Jiaxu Li,Agricultural Research Service,6066-21310-004-25-S,George V. Popescu,Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station,Mississippi State University

Author information

Author notes

  1. Saroj Kumar Sah

    Present address: Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA

  2. Vincent P. Klink

    Present address: USDA-ARS-NEA-BARC Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Building 004, Room 122, BARC-West 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Box 9655, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    Saroj Kumar Sah, George V. Popescu, Vincent P. Klink & Jiaxu Li

  2. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Bioengineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    George V. Popescu

  3. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    K. Raja Reddy

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    Vincent P. Klink

  5. Center for Computational Sciences, High Performance Computing Collaboratory, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA

    Vincent P. Klink

Authors
  1. Saroj Kumar Sah
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  2. George V. Popescu
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  3. K. Raja Reddy
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  4. Vincent P. Klink
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  5. Jiaxu Li
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Contributions

JL, VPK and SS: designed the project; SS: performed all the experiments; SS, GVP, KRR, VPK and JL: analyzed the results; SS and JL: wrote the manuscript; SS, VPK and JL: revised the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jiaxu Li.

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Sah, S.K., Popescu, G.V., Reddy, K.R. et al. The Glycine Max Abscisic Acid-Activated Protein Kinase-Like Kinase 1 (GmAALK1) Modulates Drought Stress Response. J Plant Growth Regul (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11287-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-024-11287-x

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