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Molecular and Physiological Responses of Naturally Grown Atriplex halimus L. to Drought-Stress Recovery in the Absence or Presence of Na+ Ions Under Natural Conditions

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Abstract

It was suggested that Na+ ions could play a vital role in the growth of xero-halophyte Atriplex halimus. This study aims at investigating the impact of Na+ ions on the response of droughted A. halimus seedlings to the recovery in the natural habitat. The time-course regulation of recovery-responsive genes and the changes in physiological attributes during the recovery were examined in the absence (RW) or presence of 300 mM NaCl (RS). After 30 min and up to the end of the experiment, photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf fresh and dry weights (FW) were enhanced by RW. Meanwhile, there was a sudden decline in (A) and (gs) rates after 30 min followed by a recovery in both rates after 3 h of RS. In response to RS, the change in carbon and nitrogen balance may act as a signal to regulate (A) and (gs) rates, in an attempt to control the upload of Na+ ions via transpiration. After 30 min or 3 h of the RW or RS onset, respectively, 1) the increase in 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCEDs) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels could stimulate the recovery-responsive genes rather than controlling (gs) and 2) the induction of ABA-dependent/independent transcription factors and recovery/salt-inducible genes could suggest their effective contributions to the recovery adaptation. After 5 d of the recovery onset, RS lowered FW by 82% whereas RW increased FW by 110%. Na+ ions could not enhance the performance of A. halimus seedlings during the recovery, perhaps, due to the non-constitutive expression of salt-responsive genes.

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Abbreviations

A :

Photosynthetic rate

ABI3, 5 :

Abscisic acid insensitive 3, 5

C i :

Leaf internal CO2 concentration

CMO :

Choline monooxygenase

DREB1, 2, E :

Dehydration Responsive Element Binding 1, 2, E

E :

Transpiration rate

g s :

Stomatal conductance

NHX1 :

Vacuolar sodium/hydrogen antiporter

SOS1 :

Salt overly sensitive (Plasma membrane sodium/ hydrogen antiporter)

RW:

Recovery with water

RS:

Recovery with water supplemented with 300 mM NaCl

RWC:

Relative water content

WUE :

Water use efficiency

PEPC:

Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase

TF:

Transcription factor

EC:

Electric conductivity

FC:

Field capacity

TSS:

Total soluble sugar

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt

    Reham M. Nada, Abdel Hamid A. Khedr, Mamdouh S. Serag, Nesma R. El-Qashlan & Gaber M. Abogadallah

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  1. Reham M. Nada
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  2. Abdel Hamid A. Khedr
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  3. Mamdouh S. Serag
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  4. Nesma R. El-Qashlan
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  5. Gaber M. Abogadallah
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Contributions

RN and GA designed the research and contributed to fieldwork and data interpretation. AK designed the research and contributed to fieldwork and data interpretation. MS helped in fieldwork and contributed to interpretation. RN and NA performed the experiments, collected the data and also contributed to data analysis. NA did the molecular and biochemical analyses. RN designed and supervised the molecular and biochemical analyses, did some of the molecular analyses and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Reham M. Nada.

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Nada, R.M., Khedr, A.H.A., Serag, M.S. et al. Molecular and Physiological Responses of Naturally Grown Atriplex halimus L. to Drought-Stress Recovery in the Absence or Presence of Na+ Ions Under Natural Conditions. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 1578–1593 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10398-z

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