Abstract
We report here the complex impedance and complex modulus analysis of the polycrystalline perovskite structure Ca0.85Er0.1Ti(1-x)Co4x/3O3 (x = 0.15 and 0.20) ceramic prepared by the sol–gel reaction technology. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the specimen confirmed the formation of perovskite pure phases structure. The impedance spectroscopy and electrical modulus have been used as tools to investigate the mechanism of conduction that occurs inside materials. These investigations are performed versus frequencies [100–107 Hz] at different temperatures [460–620 K]. The Nyquist plots indicate the existence of grains, grain boundaries and electrodes. The semicircular arc displayed in the Z″ vs Z′ curve indicates that three blocks of resistor and a constant phase element (CPE) are linked in series in the network causing a decrease in the relaxation time. For the two samples, the frequency dependence of the imaginary part of impedance (Z″) shows the existence of a relaxation phenomenon. The complex electrical modulus (CEM) spectrum measurement of Ca0.85Er0.1Ti(1−x)Co4x/3O3 (x = 0.15 and 0.20) material was performed for analysis and explain the dynamic aspects of electrical transport phenomena (for example: Blocking factor, carrier hopping rate and electrical conductivity). The CEM curve showed the effects of grains and grain-boundaries on electrical properties. The complex modulus M*(u) confirmed that the relaxation process is thermally activated. The normalized imaginary part of the modulus M′′/M″max shows that the relaxation process is mainly determined by the short-range motion of charge carriers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E.J. Abram, D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, J. Electroceram. 10, 165–177 (2003)
B. Garbarz-Glos, W. Bąk, M. Antonova, M. Pawlik, Mater. Sci. Eng. 49, 012031 (2013)
E. Abram, D. Sinclair, A. West, J. Electroceram. 10(3), 165–177 (2003)
M. Li, A. Feteira, D. Sinclair, J. Appl. Phys. 98(8), 084101–084106 (2005)
B.H. Venkataraman, K.B.R. Varma, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 16, 335 (2005)
M. Andres-Verges, A.R.J. West, Electroceramics 1, 125 (1997)
A.M. Nawar, H.M. Abd El-Khalek, M.M. El-Nahass, Org. Opto-Elect. 1, 25 (2015)
A.K. Roy, K. Prasad, A. Prasad, Piezoelectric. Process. Appl. Ceram. 7, 81 (2013)
M.B. Hossen, M.A.J. Hossain, Adv. Ceram. 4, 217 (2015)
K. Prasad, K. Kumari, K.P. Lily, K.L. Chandra, Adv. Appl. Ceram. 106, 241–246 (2007)
Ch. Rayssi, F.I.H. Rhouma, J. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, M. Zaidi, H. Belmabrouk, Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 123, 778 (2017)
Ch. Rayssi, S. El Kossi, J. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, J Alloys Compd. 759, 93–99 (2018)
M. Sindhu, N. Ahlawat, S. Sanghi, A. Agarwal, R. Dahiya, N. Ahlawat, Curr. Appl. Phys. 12, 1429–1435 (2012)
I.M. Hodge, M.D. Ingram, A.R. West, J. Electroanal. Chem. 58, 429–432 (1975)
A. Abkari, I. Chaabane, K. Guidara, Phys. E 83, 119–126 (2016)
M.M. Costa, G.F.M. Pires Jr., A.J. Terezo, M.P.F. Grac, A.S.B. Sombra, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 034107 (2011)
S.K. Dehury, P. Achary, R.N.P. Choudhary, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 3682–3689 (2018)
A. Kumar, B.P. Singh, R.N.P. Choudhary, A.K. Thakur, J. Alloys Compd. 394, 292 (2005)
P. Khatri, B. Behera, V. Srinivas, R.N.P. Choudhary, Complex impedance spectroscopic properties of Ba3V2O8 ceramics. Res. Lett. Mater. Sci. (2008). https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/746256
G.N. Bhargavi, A. Khare, T. Badapanda, M.S. Anwar, N. Brahme, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7617-8
J.R. Macdonald, W.B. Johnson, Fundamentals of impedance spectroscopy, in Impedance Spectroscopy: Theory, Experiment, and Applications, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Newark, 2005), pp. 1–26
B. Tiwari, R.N.P. Choudhary, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 69(11), 2852–2857 (2008)
J.L. Cohn, M. Peterca, J.J. Neumeier, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 034102 (2005)
H. Rahmouni, A. Selmi, K. Khirouni, N. Kallel, J. Alloys Compd. 533, 93–96 (2012)
B.C. Sutar, R.N.P. Choudhary, Piyush R. Das. Cer. Inter. 40, 7791–7798 (2014)
K. Lily, K. Kumari, R.N.P. Prasad, Choudhary. J. Alloys Compd. 453, 325 (2008)
A. Elbasset, F. Abdi, T. Lamcharfi, S. Sayouri, L.H. Omari, P. Bourson, A. Salhi, A. Elghandouri, Int. Rev. Phys. 8(5), 141–149 (2014)
P.S. Das, P.K. Chakraborty, B. Behera, R.N.P. Choudhary, Phys. B 395, 98–103 (2007)
P.B. Macedo, C.T. Moynihan, R. Bose, Phys. Chem. Glasses 13, 171 (1972)
M. Ganguly, M. Harish Bhat, K.J. Rao, Phys. Chem. Glasses 40, 297–304 (1999)
S. Ghosh, A. Ghosh, Solid State Ionics 149, 67–72 (2002)
S. Lanfredi, P.S. Saia, R. Lebullenger, A.C. Hernandes, Solid State Ionics 146, 329–339 (2002)
W. Shen, Ou. Tianji, J. Wang, T. Qin, G. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Han, Y. Ma, C. Gao, Sci. Rep. 8, 5086 (2018)
M. Mumtaz, M. Naveed, S. Akhtar, M. Imran, M.N. Khan, J. Superconduct. Novel Magn. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-017-4547-x
S. Praharaj, D. Rout, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 127, 52–59 (2019)
S.T. Assar, H.F. Abosheiasha, M.K. El Nimr, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 350, 12–18 (2014)
M. Hashim, S. Kumar, S. Ali, B.H. Koo, H. Chung, Ravi Kumar. J. Alloys Compd. 511, 107–114 (2012)
Ch. Rayssi, S. El Kossi, J. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, RSC Adv. 8, 7139–17150 (2018)
M.M. Costa, G.F.M.J. Pires, A.J. Terezo, M.P.F. Graca, A.S.B. Sombra, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 034107 (2011)
R. Schmidt, S. Pandey, P. Fiorenza, D.C. Sinclair, RSC Adv. 3, 14580–14589 (2013)
A. Sinha, A. Dutta, RSC Adv. 5, 100330–100338 (2015)
R. Jacob, H.G. Nair, J. Isac, Proc. Appl. Ceram. 9(2), 73–79 (2015)
C.B. Mohamed, K. Karoui, S. Saidi, K. Guidara, A.B. Rhaiem, Phys. B 451, 87 (2014)
M.P. Dasari, K.S. Rao, P.M. Krishna, G.G. Krishna, ACTA Phys. Ca Polonica A 119, 387–394 (2011)
D.C. Sinclair, A.R. West, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 3858 (1989)
C.C. Silva, A.S.B. Sombra, Mater. Sci. Appl. 2, 1349 (2011)
M. Jebli, Ch. Rayssi, N. Hamdaoui, S. Rabaoui, J. Dhahri, M. Ben Henda, I. Shaarany, J. Alloys Compd. 784, 204–212 (2019)
S.K. Rout, S. Parida, E. Sinha, P.K. Barhai, I.W. Kim, Curr. Appl. Phys. 10, 917 (2010)
R.K.C. Varada, B. Tilak, S.K. Rao, Appl. Phys. A 106, 533–543 (2012)
A. Shukla, R.N. Choudhary, A. Thakur, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 20, 745–755 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors (Ch. Rayssi et al.) declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding this manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rayssi, C., Jebli, M., Bouzidi, S. et al. Impedance analysis and modulus behavior of Ca0.85Er0.1Ti(1−x)Co4x/3O3 (x = 0.15 and 0.20) ceramic prepared by sol–gel reaction. Appl. Phys. A 128, 435 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05587-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05587-w