Abstract
Barium hexaferrite (BHF) is a promising material for technological applications. Hence, the large production of BHF for industrial application needs attention. Therefore, the effect of annealing temperature on the crystal structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite has been explored in this article. The BaFe12O19 (BHF) was prepared by the sol–gel method and annealed at different temperatures (800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C). The crystal structure of BHF is investigated by the Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns using Fullprof suit software. Bond lengths and bond angles have been calculated using the Rietveld refined crystal structure parameters. The FESEM micrograph reveals the cylindrical shape of BHF particles for the samples annealed above 900 °C. Large average grain size has been observed for 1100 °C annealed BHF sample. The average crystallite size (obtained from XRD analysis) and particle size (obtained from FESEM) increase with an increase in annealing temperature of BHF. It is observed that the magnetic properties of BHF depend on bond angles and bond lengths between Fe and O atoms at different crystallographic sites. The saturation magnetization and coercivity are found to increase with the increase in average crystallite or particle size, but the variation is very small.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.V.M. Williams, T. Prakash, J. Kennedy, S.V. Chong, S. Rubanov, Spin dependent tunneling magnetic nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 460, 229–233 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.04.017
T. Prakash, G.V.M. Williams, J. Kennedy, S. Rubanov, High spin dependent tunneling magnetoresistance in magnetic powders made by arc-discharge. J. Appl. Phys. 120, 123905 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4963293
Y. Wang, L.T. Tseng, P.P. Murmu, N. Bao, J. Kennedy, M. Lonesc, J. Ding, K. Suzuki, S. Li, J. Yi, Defects engineering induced room temperature ferromagnetism in transition metal doped MoS2. Mater. Des. 121, 7784 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.02.037
P. Couture, G.V.M. Williams, J. Kennedy, J. Leveneur, P.P. Murmu, S.V. Chong, S. Rubanov, J. Alloy Compd. 695, 3061–3068 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.11.344
M. Peters, White Paper: The technical and operational values of Barium ferrite tape media, 2014. https://asset.fujifilm.com/www/us/files/2020-06/40e105f61cdbbe5b0812c542438d88b2/White_Paper_Technical_Operational_Values_BF.pdf
R. Alderson, S. Taylor, The role of barium ferrite technology in data storage, https://www.pmddatasolutions.com/admin/resources/the-role-of-barium-ferrite-in-data-storage.pdf
V. Singh, G. Kumar, P. Dhiman, R. Kotnala, J. Shah, K.M. Batoo, M. Singh, Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline BaFe12O19 hexaferrite processed vis sol-gel technique. Adv. Mat. Lett. 5(8), 447 (2014)
S. Vadivelan, N. Jaya, Investigation of magnetic and structural properties of copper substituted barium ferrite powder particles via co-precipitation methods. Results Phys. 6, 843–850 (2016)
R. Pullar, Hexagonal ferrites: a review of synthesis, properties and applications of hexaferrite ceramics. Prog. Mater Sci. 57, 1191–1334 (2012)
M. Waqar, M.A. Rafiq, T.A. Mirza, F.A. Khalid, A. Khaliq, M.S. Anwar, M. Saleem, Synthesis and properties of nickel-doped nanocrystalline barium hexaferrite ceramic materials. Appl. Phys. A 124, 286 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-1717-z
K. Habanjar, H. Shehabi, A.M. Abdallah, Effect of calcination temperature and cobalt addition on structural, optical and magnetic properties of barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 126, 402 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03497-3
S. Kumar, S. Supriya, L.K. Pradhan, R. Pandey, M. Kar, Grain size effect on magnetic and dielectric properties of barium hexaferrite (BHF). Phys. B 579, 411908 (2020)
T. Kaur, S. Kumar, B.H. Bhat, Effect on dielectric, magnetic, optical and structural properties of Nd–Co substituted barium hexaferrite nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 119, 1531–1540 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9134-z
S. Kumar, M.K. Manglam, S. Supriya, H.K. Satyapal, R.K. Singh, M. Kar, Lattice strain mediated dielectric and magnetic properties in La doped barium hexafeerite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 473, 312–319 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.10.085
X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Yue, J. Zhang, Influence of sintering atmosphere on the magnetic and electrical properties of barium hexaferrite. AIP Adv. 9, 085129 (2019)
S. Kumar, S. Supriya, R. Pandey, L.K. Pradhan, R.K. Singh, M. Kar, Effect of lattice strain on structural and magnetic properties of Ca substituted barium hexaferrite. J. Magn. Magn Mater. 458, 30–38 (2018)
S. Kumar, S. Supriya, M. Kar, Multiple electrical phase transition in Al substituted barium hexaferrite. J. Appl. Phys. 122, 224106 (2017)
K. Tanwar, D.S. Gyan, P. Gupta, S. Pandey, O. Prakash, D. Kumar, Investigation of crystal structure, microstructure and low temperature magnetic behavior of Ce4+ and Zn2+ Co-doped barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19). RSC Adv. 8, 19600 (2018)
A.V. Trukhanov, L.V. Panina, S.V. Trukhanov, V.O. Truchenko, I.S. Kazakevich, M.M. Salem, Feature of crystal structure and magnetic properties of M-type Ba-hexaferritees with diamagnetic substitution. Int. J. Mater. Chem. Phys. 3, 286–294 (2015)
L. Kumar, P. Kumar, A. Narayan, M. Kar, Rietveld analysis of XRD patterns of different sizes of nanocrystallite cobalt ferrite. Intr. Nano Lett. 3, 8 (2013)
J.A. Gomes, M.H. Sousa, F.A. Tournbo, J.M. Filho, R. Itri, J. Depeyrot, Ritveld structure refinement of the cation distribution in ferrite fine particles studied by X-ray powder diffraction. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 289, 184–187 (2005)
M. Gateshki, V. Petkov, S.K. Pradhan, T. Vogt, Structure of nanocrystalline MgFe2O4 from X-ray diffraction, Rietveld and atomic pair distribution function analysis. J. Appl. Crystal. 38, 772–779 (2005)
P. Kumar, C. Panda, M. Kar, Effect of rhombohedral to orthorhombic transition on magnetic and dielectric properties of La and Ti co-substituted BiFeO3. Smart Mater. Struct. 24, 045028 (2015)
Z. Mosleh, P. Kameli, M. Ranjbar, H. Salamati, Effect of annealing temperature on structural and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 hexaferrite nanoparticle. Cerm. Int. 40, 7279 (2014)
M.K. Manglam, S. Kumari, L.K. Pradhan, S. Kumar, M. Kar, Lattice strain caused magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Zn modified barium hexaferrite. Phys. B 588, 412200 (2020)
S. Kanagesan, M. Hasim, T. Kalaivani, I. Ismail, N. Rodziah, I.R. Ibrahim, N.A. Rahman, sintering temperature dependent of optimized microstructure formation of BaFe12O19 using sol–gel methods. J. Mater. Sci. :Mater. Electron. 26, 1363 (2015)
A. Lawindy, S.A. Mansour, M. Hafiz, H.H. Hassan, A. Ali, Influence of mole ratio, sintering conditions and particle size on the magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 synthesized by ceramic method. Int. J. Appl. Cerm. Tech. 7(6), 868–873 (2010)
J. Gumaste, H.S. Ray, M.M. Godkhindi, P.G. Mukunda, Magnetic properties of topochemically sintered barium hexaferrite. J. Am. Cerm. Soc. 82(11), 3269–3271 (1999)
S. Anjum, F. Sahar, Z. Mustafa, M.S. Aswan, Enhancement of structural and magnetic properties of M-type hexfaerrite permanent magnet based on synthesis temperature. Appl. Phys. A 12, 49 (2018)
J.N. Dahal, D. Neupane, T.P. Podel, Synthesis and magnetic properties of 4:1 hard–soft SrFe12O19-La1-x Srx MnO3 nanocomposites prepared by auto combustion method. AIP Adv. 9, 075308 (2019)
S. Carbonin, F. Matignago, G. Menegazzo, A. Nergo, X-ray single crystal study of spinel: in situ heating. Phys. Chem. Miner. 29, 503–514 (2002)
L.B. Mccusker, R.B.V. Dreek, D.E. Cox, D. Louer, P. Scardi, Rietveld refinement guideline. J. Appl. Cryst. 32, 36–50 (1999)
Y.M. Abbas, S.A. Mansour, M.H. Ibrahim, S.E. Ali, Microstructure characterization and cation distribution of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323, 251–256 (2005)
M. Bhagwat, A.V. Ramaswamy, A.K. Tyagi, V. Ramaswamy, Rietveld refinement study of nanocrystalline copper doped zirconia. Mater. Res. Bull. 38, 1713–1724 (2003)
N.G. Jovic, A.S. Masadeh, A.S. Kremenpvic, B.V. Antic, J.L. Blanusa, N.D. Cvjeticanin, G.F. Goya, M.V. Antisari, E.S. Bozin, Effect of thermal annealing on structural and magnetic properties of lithium ferrite nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 20559–20567 (2009)
S. Kumari, L. Pradhan, L. Kumar, M.K. Magnlam, M. Kar, Effect of annealing temperature on morphology and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanofibers. Mater. Res. Express 6, 120a3 (2019)
R. Kumar, R.K. Singh, M.K. Zope, M. Kar, Tuning of magnetic property by lattice strain in lead substituted cobalt ferrite. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 220, 73 (2017)
A. Baykal, Magnetic and optical properties of Zn2+ ion substituted Barium hexaferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 430, 29–35 (2017)
Y. Xu, Theory of the single ion magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 3d ion. Phys. Status Solidi B 157, 685 (1990)
E. Coronado, B.S. Tsukerblat, R. Georgws, Exchange Interactions I: Mechanisms NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences). (Springer, Berlin, 1996), p. 321
E.F. Kneller, R. Hawig, The exchange—spring magnet: a new material principle for permanent magnets. IEEE Trans. Magn. 24, 3560–3588 (1991)
T.B. Ghzaiel, W. Dhaoui, A. Pasko, F. Mazaleyrat, Effect of non-magnetic and magnetic trivalent ion substitution on BAM: ferrite properties synthesis by hydrothermal method. J. Alloy Comp. 671, 245–253 (2016)
H. Nikmanesh, M. Moradi, P. Kameli, G.H. Bordbar, Effect of annealing temperature on exchange spring behavior of barium hexaferrite/nickel zinc ferrite nanocomposites. J. Electron. Mater. 46, 5933–5941 (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Manglam, M.K., Kumari, S., Mallick, J. et al. Crystal structure and magnetic properties study on barium hexaferrite of different average crystallite size. Appl. Phys. A 127, 138 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04232-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04232-8