Abstract
A novel epoxy resin nanocomposite containing epoxidized novolac (ENR) and epoxidized polystyrene (EPSt) was fabricated through the curing with amine-functionalized multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs–NH2). The chemical structures of the synthesized samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. The composition of ENR:EPSt:MWCNTs–NH2 nanocomposite was set as 75:20:5 wt%. The morphology and thermal stability of the fabricated nanocomposite were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The SEM image revealed that the modified MWCNTs are well dispersed in the ENR–EPSt matrix without any agglomeration. The curing temperatures of the ENR, ENR–EPSt, and ENR–EPSt/MWCNTs nanocomposite were investigated using differential scanning calorimetric analysis. According to thermal property studies results, the addition of PSt as well as curing of mixture using amine-functionalized MWCNTs has synergistic effect on the thermal stability of the ENR resin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y.J. Kim, H. Chun, S.Y. Park, S.J. Park, C.H. Oh, Polymer 147, 81 (2018)
J. Yun, L. Chen, X. Zhang, H. Zhao, Z. Wen, C. Zhang, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 139, 97 (2017)
Z. Pourhosseini-Pakdel, H. Roghani-Mamaqani, R. Azimi, M. Gholipour-Mahmoudalilou, Polym. Adv. Technol. 29, 2216 (2018)
M. Baby, R. Pal, N. Francis, S. Sudhi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 135, 46164 (2018)
S.S. Nechausov, B.A. Bulgakov, A.V. Solopchenko, A.A. Serdan, D.I. Kalugin, A. Lyalin, A.V. Kepman, A.P. Malakho, J. Polym. Res. 23, 114 (2016)
S. Ahmed, D. Chakrabarty, S. Mukherjee, S. Bhowmik, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 32, 705 (2018)
K. Moazzen, M.J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, R. Jahanmardi, K. Kabiri, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 135, 45921 (2018)
U. Szeluga, S. Pusz, B. Kumanek, J. Myalski, B. Hekner, B. Tsyntsarski, R. Oliwa, B. Trzebicka, Composites A 105, 28 (2018)
J. Zhou, L. Fang, J. Wang, J. Sun, K. Jin, Q. Fang, Polym. Chem. 7, 4313 (2016)
B.K. Kandola, L. Krishnan, D. Deli, P. Luangtriratana, J.R. Ebdon, RSC Adv. 5, 33772 (2015)
M. Wang, X. Xu, J. Ji, Y. Yang, J. Shen, M. Ye, Composites B 107, 1 (2016)
Z. Liu, J. Huo, Y. Yu, Mater. Today Commun. 10, 80 (2017)
K. Moazzen, M.J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, R. Jahanmardi, K. Kabiri, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 135, 45921 (2017)
K. Bablu-Mordin, R.K. Tiwari, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 133, 43333 (2016)
M. Rutnakornpituk, Eur. Polym. J. 41, 1043 (2005)
B.B. Johnsen, A.J. Kinloch, A.C. Taylor, Polymer 46, 7352 (2005)
J. Lin, X. Wu, C. Zheng, P. Zhang, Q. Li, W. Wang, Z. Yang, J. Polym. Res. 21, 435 (2014)
M.S. Garg, D. Srivastava, Prog. Org. Coat. 77, 1208 (2014)
R. Mohammad-Rezaei, B. Massoumi, M. Abbasian, M. Jaymand, J. Polym. Res. 25, 93 (2018)
M. Abbasian, H. Ghaeminia, M. Jaymand, Appl. Phys. A 124, 522 (2018)
B. Massoumi, M. Jaymand, R. Samadi, A.A. Entezami, J. Polym. Res. 21, 442 (2014)
B. Massoumi, M. Abbasian, R. Mohammad-Rezaei, A. Farnudiyan-Habib, M. Jaymand, Polm. Adv. Technol. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4580
J.P.M. Arias, E.M. Agaliotis, M.M. Escobar, Fire Mater. 41, 884 (2017)
M. Gholipour-Mahmoudalilou, H. Roghani-Mamaqani, R. Azimi, A. Abdollahi, Appl. Surf. Sci. 428, 1061 (2018)
L.S. Cividanes, E.A.N. Simonetti, M.B. Moraes, F.W. Fernandes, G.P. Polym, Eng. Sci. 54, 2461 (2014)
R.J. Varley, J.H. Hodgkin, D.G. Hawthorne, G.P. Simon, D. McCulloch, Polymer 41, 3425 (2000)
M.L. Costa, E.C. Botelho, J.M.F. de Paiva, M.C. Rezende, Mater. Res. 8, 317 (2005)
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran; and Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran for partial financial supports.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Massoumi, B., Mohammad-Rezaei, R., Abbasian, M. et al. Amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes as curing agent for polystyrene-modified novolac epoxy resin: synthesis, characterization and possible applications. Appl. Phys. A 125, 304 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2599-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-2599-4