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Impact of ocean acidification on thermal tolerance and acid–base regulation of Mytilus edulis from the White Sea

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Abstract

Ocean warming and acidification are two important environmental drivers affecting marine organisms. Organisms living at high latitudes might be especially threatened in near future, as current environmental changes are larger and occur faster. Therefore, we investigated the effect of hypercapnia on thermal tolerance and physiological performance of sub-Arctic Mytilus edulis from the White Sea. Mussels were exposed (2 weeks) to 390 µatm (control) and 1120 µatm CO2 (year 2100) before respiration rate (MO2), anaerobic metabolite (succinate) level, haemolymph acid–base status and intracellular pH (pHi) were determined during acute warming (10–28 °C, 3 °C over night). In normocapnic mussels, warming induced MO2 to rise exponentially until it levelled off beyond a breakpoint temperature of 20.5 °C. Concurrently, haemolymph PCO2 rose significantly > 19 °C followed by a decrease in PO2 indicating the pejus temperature (TP, onset of thermal limitation). Succinate started to accumulate at 28 °C under normocapnia defining the critical temperature (TC). pHi was maintained during warming until it dropped at 28 °C, in line with the concomitant transition to anaerobiosis. At acclimation temperature, CO2 had only a minor impact. During warming, MO2 was stimulated by CO2 resulting in an elevated breakpoint of 25.8 °C. Nevertheless, alterations in haemolymph gases (> 16 °C) and the concomitant changes of pHi and succinate level (25 °C) occurred at lower temperature under hypercapnia versus normocapnia indicating a downward shift of both thermal limits TP and TC by CO2. Compared to temperate conspecifics, sub-Arctic mussels showed an enhanced thermal sensitivity, exacerbated further by hypercapnia, indicating their potential vulnerability to environmental changes projected for 2100.

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Acknowledgements

This work is a contribution to the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA) which received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 211384. EPOCA is endorsed by the International Programmes IMBER, LOICZ and SOLAS. This project was also supported by the Helmholtz Graduate School for Polar and Marine Research (POLMAR) and a Research Programme of RAS “Exploratory Basic Research for Development of the Russian Arctic Zone”, AAAA-A17-117021300219-7. The authors would like to thank Rolf Wittig for NMR support and Stephan Frickenhaus for statistical support.

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  1. Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Z. M. C. Zittier, C. Bock, N. S. Häfker & H. O. Pörtner

  2. White Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia

    A. A. Sukhotin

  3. Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Sukhotin

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Zittier, Z.M.C., Bock, C., Sukhotin, A.A. et al. Impact of ocean acidification on thermal tolerance and acid–base regulation of Mytilus edulis from the White Sea. Polar Biol 41, 2261–2273 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2362-x

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