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Characterisation of the dark green islands of cucumber mosaic virus infected Nicotiana tabacum

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There are significant differences between the DGIs and LGTs. Additionally, most of the characteristics indicate that the DGIs are more similar to recovered tissue and can resist viral attacks.

Abstract

Dark green islands (DGIs) surrounded by light green tissues (LGTs) are common leaf symptoms of plants that are systemically infected by various mosaic viruses. We performed cytological, physiological and molecular biological analyses of the DGIs and LGTs in cucumber mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Our results indicated that the DGIs contained less virus than did the LGTs. Compared to the LGTs, the DGIs contained higher levels of the metabolites involved in plant defence. The contents of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were increased in the DGIs to reach levels that were even higher than those of control plants. Moreover, hormone measurements and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the endogenous salicylic acid, ethylene and defence genes mediated these elevations by playing positive roles in the regulation of the DGIs responses to viral infection. The accumulation of cytokinin was also much greater in the DGIs than in the LGTs. Finally, northern blotting analysis indicated that the accumulation of viral small interfering RNAs was decreased in the DGIs compared to the LGTs. Taken together, these results suggest that DGIs might represent leaf areas that have recovered from viral infection due to locally enhanced defence responses.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31270290, 31171835, J1103518), Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education (20110181110059, 20120181130008), Sichuan and Chengdu Nature Science Foundation (2012JY0078, 11DXYB097JH-027) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2011SCU04B34).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Li-Juan Chen, Jian Liu, Fei-Fei Zhao, Jing-Yi Li, Sheng-Xuan Wang, Hong-Hui Lin & De-Hui Xi

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Correspondence to De-Hui Xi.

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Communicated by C. H. Dong.

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299_2015_1781_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary Fig. S1 Activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD) in the DGIs and LGTs of CMV-infected N. tabacum. The sample leaves (i.e., the second or third leaves above the first inoculated leaves) from mock-inoculated and infected plants were used for the experiments at 20 Dpi. The error bars represent the standard deviations of the mean values that were obtained from three biological replicates at the indicated time points. The asterisks indicate significant differences compared with CK (*P<0.05, n = 3) (TIFF 1306 kb)

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Chen, LJ., Liu, J., Zhao, FF. et al. Characterisation of the dark green islands of cucumber mosaic virus infected Nicotiana tabacum . Plant Cell Rep 34, 1225–1238 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-015-1781-1

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