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Plant fiber-reinforced polymer composites: a review on modification, fabrication, properties, and applications

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Abstract

Reducing energy consumption and minimizing environmental impacts have been significant factors in expanding the applicability of plant fiber-reinforced composites across a variety of industries. Plant fibers have major advantages over synthetic fibers, including biodegradability, light weight, low cost, non-abrasiveness, and acceptable mechanical properties. However, the inherent plant fiber properties, such as varying fiber quality, low mechanical properties, moisture content, poor impact strengths, a lack of integration with hydrophobic polymer matrices, and a natural tendency to agglomerate, have posed challenges to the development and application of plant fiber composites. Emphasis is being placed on overcoming this limitation to improve the performance of plant fiber composites and their applications. This study reviews plant fiber-reinforced composites, focusing on strategies and breakthroughs for improving plant fiber composite performance, such as fiber modification, fabrication, properties, biopolymers, and their composites with industrial applications like automotive, construction, ballistic, textiles, and others. Furthermore, Pearson rank correlation coefficients were used in this review to assess the relationship between the chemical composition of plant fibers with their physical and mechanical properties. If researchers study the behavior of plant fibers using correlation coefficients, it will be easier to combine plant fibers with a polymer matrix to develop a new sustainable material. Through this review study, researchers will learn more about the strategic value of these materials and how well they work in different real-world situations.

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Data availability

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Abbreviations

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxides

ATH:

Alumina Trihydrate

BFS:

Back face signature

CF:

Coir fibers

CM:

Compression molding

CMP:

Cast molding process

CNCs:

Cellulose nanocrystals

CNF:

Cellulose nanofibrils

DSC:

Differential Scanning Calorimetry

EM:

Extrusion molding

FDM:

Fused deposition model

FVF:

Fiber volume fraction

HDPE:

High density polyethylene

HIPS:

High impact polystyrene

IFSS:

Interfacial shear strength

ILSS:

Interlaminar shear strength

IM:

Injection molding

LDPE:

Low-density polyethylene

LOI:

Limiting Oxygen Index

MA:

Maleic anhydride

MAPP:

Polypropylene-maleic anhydride

MAS:

Multilayered armor system

MBAS:

Multilayered ballistic armor system

MgPP:

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NIJ:

National Institute of Justice

PALF:

Pineapple leaf fiber

PBS:

Poly (butylene succinate)

PE:

Polystyrene

PF:

Phenol formaldehyde,

PHAs:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates

PHB:

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)

PHBV:

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate)

PLA:

Poly (lactic) acid

PLLA:

Poly (L-lactic acid)

PP:

Polypropylene

PU:

Polyurethane

PVB:

Phenolic polyvinyl butyral-phenolic

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

RFI:

Resin film infusion

RI:

Resin infusion

ROM:

Rule of Mixture

RTM:

Resin transfer molding

SB:

Sugarcane bagasse

SMC:

Sheet molding compound

TPU:

Thermoplastic polyurethane

UP:

Unsaturated polyester

VARTM:

Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Apparel Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh

    Mahmuda Akter & Habibur Rahman Anik

  2. Department of Statistics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Haris Uddin

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  1. Mahmuda Akter
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  2. Md. Haris Uddin
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  3. Habibur Rahman Anik
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MA contributed to methodology, conceptualization, supervision, formal analysis, writing–review & editing, Md. HU contributed to investigation, experimental designing, visualization, resources, writing and draft preparation and reference management. HRA contributed to writing & editing and draft preparation.

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Correspondence to Mahmuda Akter.

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Akter, M., Uddin, M.H. & Anik, H.R. Plant fiber-reinforced polymer composites: a review on modification, fabrication, properties, and applications. Polym. Bull. 81, 1–85 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04733-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04733-5

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