Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism in seabirds may reduce intraspecific food competition by exploiting different trophic niches by each sex. We tested the intraspecific trophic segregation between sexes of brown booby (Sula leucogaster) using regurgitated prey and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) from whole blood and prey muscle in Santana Archipelago (SA), in north state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. As females are larger than males, it is expected to have a broader niche amplitude and higher trophic position than to males due to consuming a wider variety of prey sizes. Expeditions to SA occurred from June 2017 to May 2018, where 53 females, 48 males and 54 regurgitates were sampled. Overall 22 fish species were identified: 77% demersal species, of 399 prey items (54.4% demersal prey). The Relative Importance Index indicated the pelagic Chirocentrodon bleekerianus as the most important prey for females and the demersal Cynoscion guatucupa for males. Demersal fishes were more consumed than pelagic fishes; especially during winter (83% and 76% of prey mass and number, respectively). In all seasons, stable isotopes differed between sexes. Females showed larger isotopic niche than males, indicating that may consume a broader varied of prey, although trophic position (δ15N) were higher in males. Thus, the brown booby population from the SA shows a trophic segregation between sexes thought the year, and demersal fish is an important part of the seabird’s diet, which may contribute to promote the niche segregation.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Zezinho (José Barcelos, from boat Mari II) for supporting us in all expeditions to the archipelago. We are grateful for the P. L. Mancini’s team (Atobalândia) help in all expeditions, and to Tatiane Pereira Xavier Nascimento for drawing up the map. Additionally, we would like to thank Yasmina Shah Esmaeili for the English revision of the manuscript. We also thank ICMBio for samples permit No. 55731-3 and CEMAVE- ICMBio for providing us banding permits.
Funding
This study was partially supported “Projeto Costões Rochosos: Ecologia, Impactos e conservação nas Regiões dos Lagos e Norte Fluminense” under the Grant Pesquisa Marinha & Pesqueira, contract 015/2017, which is an environmental offset measure established through a Consent Decree/Conduct Adjustment Agreement between Petrorio and the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment, with the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund—FUNBIO as an implementer. E.E.M Valim received a scholarship from this grant as well P.L. Mancini, which currently receive a postdoctoral (PNPD) fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES) Finance Code 001. Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil, through a postdoctoral fellowship (E-26/204.455/2021) to A.B. Bauer.
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PLM: design the study, sampled the data, analyzed and interpreted the data, wrote and review the manuscript; EEMV: sampled the data, analyzed, wrote and review the manuscript; ABB: identified regurgitate content, analyzed and interpreted the data, wrote and review the manuscript; LGF: identified regurgitate content, interpreted the data, contributed with essentials ideas and review the manuscript.
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This study was performed in line and approved by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (MAC049) by the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
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Mancini, P.L., Valim, E.E.M., de Barros Bauer, A. et al. Intraspecific trophic variation in brown booby (Sula leucogaster) from the Southwestern Atlantic. Mar Biol 170, 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04134-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04134-8