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Determination of long-chain fatty acids in anaerobic digester supernatant and olive mill wastewater exploiting an in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization-free GC-MS method

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Abstract

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are commonly found in lipid-rich wastewaters and are a key factor to monitor the anaerobic digesters. A new simple, fast, precise, and suitable method for routine analysis of LCFA is proposed. The system involves in-syringe-magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) without a derivatization process. Calibration curves were prepared in an ethanol solution (R2 ≥ 0.996), which was also useful as disperser solvent. Hexane was chosen as the extraction solvent. Several parameters (pH, ionic strength, extraction solvent volume, stirring time) were optimized in multivariate and univariate studies. Limits of detection (LODs) were found in the range 0.01–0.05 mg L−1 and good precision inter-day (RSDs≤7.9%) and intra-day (RSDs≤4.4%) were obtained. The method was applied to quantify LCFA in supernatants of anaerobic digesters and olive mill wastewaters (OMW). Palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids were the most abundant fatty acid in the analyzed samples and the relative recoveries for all of them were between 81 and 113%.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Emaya and La Almazara de Can Det (olive oil company) for the provision of wastewater samples.

Funding

The authors received financial support from the Comunitat Autonoma de les Illes Balears through the Direcció General de Política Universitaria i Recerca with funds from the Tourist Stay Tax Law (PRD2018/45). M.A.V-M. received the support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) for the pre-doctoral research fellowship (FPU19/06082).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra.Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    M. A. Vargas-Muñoz, Gemma Turnes Palomino & Edwin Palacio

  2. Sciware Systems, S.L., C/Pi 37, 07193, Bunyola, Spain

    Víctor Cerdà

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  1. M. A. Vargas-Muñoz
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  2. Víctor Cerdà
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  3. Gemma Turnes Palomino
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  4. Edwin Palacio
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Correspondence to Edwin Palacio.

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Vargas-Muñoz, M.A., Cerdà, V., Turnes Palomino, G. et al. Determination of long-chain fatty acids in anaerobic digester supernatant and olive mill wastewater exploiting an in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization-free GC-MS method. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 3833–3845 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03338-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03338-z

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