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Effect of wire arc additive manufacturing parameters on geometric, hardness, and microstructure of 316LSi stainless steel preforms

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Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing process based on the creation of a component layer by layer, with the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique establishing itself as promising alternative for the production of metal parts. Among the austenitic stainless steel alloys, the ER 316LSi alloy is of great interest in the transport, health, and oil and gas industries, due to its good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and high corrosion resistance. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of process parameters on the geometric characteristics, hardness profile, and microstructure of 316LSi austenitic stainless steel metallic preforms obtained by WAAM, using the controlled short circuit (CCC) as the metal transfer technique. For this purpose, seven metallic preforms were manufactured with different parameters, according to a design of experiments (DoE) of type 22 + 3. Metal transfer via CCC resulted in a rapidly solidifying weld pool suitable for manufacturing WAAM preforms. Among the experimental parameters, the combination of a torch travel speed of 300 mm·min−1 with a wire feed speed 4 m·min−1 provided better visual appearance, with the absence of internal defects, superior surface finishing, more regular hardness profile and fine grain microstructure.

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This work was supported by funding of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development–CNPq for the investment and scholarship, through process 409585/2022-0 and 408253/2022-3, to the welding, metallography, microscopy, and mechanical property characterization laboratories of the Department of Mechanical Engineering (UAEM) at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Institute for Material Joining and Coating Technologies (INTM), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Jefferson Segundo de Lima & Tiago Felipe de Abreu Santos

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Jefferson Segundo de Lima & Tiago Felipe de Abreu Santos

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

    Jefferson Segundo de Lima, Júlio Feitosa da Silva Neto, Theophilo Moura Maciel & Renato Alexandre Costa de Santana

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Research Group GEA, Medellin, Colombia

    Edwar Andrés Torres López

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Contributions

J.S. Lima contributed to the development of the experimental setup, measurement acquisition, interpretation of numerical data, graphical planning, and framework.

J.F. Silva Neto contributed to the development of experimental setup, analysis and interpretation of numerical data, graphical planning, and framework.

E.A.T. Lopez contributed to the delimitation of the research topic, interpretation of numerical data, graphical planning, and framework.

T.M. Maciel contributed to the interpretation of numerical data, manuscript translation, graphical planning, and framework.

R.A.C. Santana contributed to the delimitation of the research topic, interpretation of numerical data, and framework.

T.F.A. Santos contributed to the delimitation of the research topic, interpretation of numerical data, graphical planning, and framework.

All the authors contributed to manuscript writing and reviewing.

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Correspondence to Jefferson Segundo de Lima.

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de Lima, J.S., da Silva Neto, J.F., Maciel, T.M. et al. Effect of wire arc additive manufacturing parameters on geometric, hardness, and microstructure of 316LSi stainless steel preforms. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 131, 5981–5996 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-024-13240-4

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