Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of graphite addition on bonding properties of abrasive layer of metal-bonded CBN wheel

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to improve the performance of metal-bonded grinding wheels, the graphite particles with several different contents (i.e., 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) were added to Cu-Sn-Ti alloy powders as the bonding materials. The influence of graphite addition on bonding properties of the abrasive layer was investigated. Firstly, microstructural examination results show that the joining between graphite and Cu-Sn-Ti alloy was achieved and provided a weak bonding strength compared to the pure Cu-Sn-Ti matrix. Secondly, the transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture were determined as the main fracture patterns of abrasive layer in the current investigation. Then, an optimized graphite content of 10 wt% was decided, at which the porosity of abrasive layer can reach 25% as well as the bending strength reached 125 MPa and was favorable to meet the high-speed grinding requirements. Finally, the finite element simulation results suggested that the graphite addition had little effect on the residual thermal stresses of abrasive layer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dambatta YS, Sarhan AAD, Sayuti M, Hamdi M (2017) Ultrasonic assisted grinding of advanced materials for biomedical and aerospace applications—a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0316-z

  2. Zhang ZY, Huo YX, Guo DM (2013) A model for nanogrinding based on direct evidence of ground chips of silicon wafers. Sci China Technol Sci 56:2099–2108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Yu TY, Asplund DT, Bastawros AF, Chandra A (2016) Performance and modeling of paired polishing process. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 109:49–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. An QL, Fu YC, Xu JH (2010) A new technology on enhancing heat transfer during grinding of titanium alloy. Ind Lubr Tribol 62:168–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Brinksmeier E, Mutlugunes Y, Klocke F, Aurich JC, Shore P, Ohmori H (2010) Ultra-precision grinding. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 59:652–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Guo C, Ranganath S, McIntosh D, Elfizy A (2008) Virtual high performance grinding with CBN wheels. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 57:325–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kawagoishi N, Chen Q, Kondo E, Goto M, Nisitani H (1999) Influence of cubic boron nitride grinding on the fatigue strengths of carbon steels and a nickel-base superalloy. J Mater Eng Perform 8:152–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Vashista M, Kumar S, Ghosh A, Paul S (2010) Surface integrity in grinding medium carbon steel with miniature electroplated monolayer cBN wheel. J Mater Eng Perform 19:1248–1255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Winter M, Ibbotson S, Kara S, Herrmann C (2015) Life cycle assessment of cubic boron nitride grinding wheels. J Clean Prod 107:707–721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang ZY, Guo DM, Kang RK, Gao H, Jin ZJ, Meng YW (2010) Subsurface crystal lattice deformation machined by ultraprecision grinding of soft-brittle CdZnTe crystals. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 47:1065–1081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Herman D, Krzos J (2009) Influence of vitrified bond structure on radial wear of cBN grinding wheels. J Mater Process Technol 209:5377–5386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jackson MJ, Davis CJ, Hitchiner MP, Mills B (2011) High-speed grinding with CBN grinding wheels—applications and future technology. J Mater Process Technol 110:78–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu TY, Bastawros AF, Chandra A (2015) Modeling wear process of electroplated CBN grinding wheel. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Jun. 8–12; Charlotte: 1–7

  14. Ghosh A, Chattopadhyay AK (2007) On grain-failure of an indigenously developed single layer brazed CBN wheel. Ind Diam Rev 1:59–64

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bhaskar P, Chattopadhyay AK, Chattopadhyay AB (2010) Development and performance evaluation of monolayer brazed cBN grinding wheel on bearing steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 48:935–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Linke BS (2015) Review on grinding tool wear with regard to sustainability. ASME J Manuf Sci Eng 137:060801–060802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Beyer P (2005) High-production grinding with vitrified bond superabrasives-HPB technology for vitrified bond CBN wheels. Ind Diam Rev 1:46–58

    Google Scholar 

  18. Denkena B, Preising D, Woiwode S (2015) Gear profile grinding with metal bonded CBN tools. Prod Eng Res Dev 9:73–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Klocke F, Klink A (2007) Electrochemical oxidation analysis for dressing bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheels. Prod Eng Res Dev 1:141–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Denkena B, Kohler J, Seiffert F (2011) Machining of reinforced concrete using grinding wheels with defined grain pattern. Int J Abras Technol 4:101–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kopac J, Krajnik P (2006) High-performance grinding—a review. J Mater Process Technol 175:278–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Walter C, Rabiey M, Warhanek M, Jochum N, Wegener K (2012) Dressing and truing of hybrid bonded CBN grinding tools using a short-pulsed fibre laser. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 61:279–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Shaji S, Radhakrishnan V (2003) Application of solid lubricants in grinding: investigations of graphite sandwiched grinding wheels. Mach Sci Technol 7:137–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Reddy NSK, Rao PV (2006) Experimental investigation to study the effect of solid lubricants on cutting forces and surface quality in end milling. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 46:189–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Denkena B, Grove T, Bremer I, Behrens L (2016) Design of bronze-bonded grinding wheel properties. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 65:333–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ding WF, Xu JH, Chen ZZ, Miao Q, Yang CY (2013) Interface characteristics and fracture behavior of brazed polycrystalline CBN grains using Cu-Sn-Ti alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 559:629–634

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Miao Q, Ding WF, Zhu YJ, Chen ZZ, Fu YC (2016) Brazing of CBN grains with Ag-Cu-Ti/TiX composite filler-the effect of TiX particles on microstructure and strength of bonding layer. Mater Des 98:243–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang TP, Ivas T, Leinenbach C, Zhang J (2015) Microstructural characterization of Si3N4/42CrMo joints brazed with Ag-Cu-Ti+TiNp composite filler. J Alloys Compd 651:623–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Shaji S, Radhakrishnan V (2003) An investigation on solid lubricant moulded grinding wheels. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 43:965–972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tsai MY, Jian SX (2012) Development of a micro-graphite impregnated grinding wheel. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 56:94–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ma CY, Ding WF, Xu JH, Fu YC (2015) Influence of alumina bubble particles on microstructure and mechanical strength in porous Cu-Sn-Ti metals. Mater Des 65:50–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Mao JB, Zhang FL, Liao GC, Zhou YM, Huang HP, Wang CY, Wu SH (2014) Effect of granulated sugar as pore former on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the vitrified bond cubic boron nitride grinding wheels. Mater Des 60:328–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Alberts M, Kalaitzidou K, Melkote S (2009) An investigation of graphite nanoplatelets as lubricant in grinding. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 49:966–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang XP, Li CH, Zhang YB, Jia DZ, Li BK, Wang YG, Yang M, Hou YL, Zhang XW (2016) Performances of Al2O3/SiC hybrid nanofluids in minimum-quantity lubrication grinding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86:3427–3441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mao C, Zhou X, Yin LR, Zhang MJ, Tang K, Zhang J (2016) Investigation of the flow field for a double-outlet nozzle during minimum quantity lubrication grinding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 85:291–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Mao C, Huang Y, Zhou X, Gan H, Zhang J, Zhou ZX (2014) The tribological properties of nanofluid used in minimum quantity lubrication grinding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 71:1221–1228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Hsieh YC, Lin ST (2008) Microstructural development of Cu-Sn-Ti alloys on graphite. J Alloys Compd 466:126–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Wang Y, Qiu XM, Sun DQ, Yin SQ (2011) Influence of Ti on microstructure and strength of c-BN/Cu-Ni-Sn-Ti composites. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 29:293–297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Shiue RK, Wu SK, Chan CH (2004) The interfacial reactions of infrared brazing Cu and Ti with two silver-based brazed alloys. J Alloys Compd 372:148–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ding WF, Miao Q, Xu JH, Chen ZZ, Yang CY, Fu YC (2013) Preparation mechanism and grinding performance of single-layer self-lubrication brazed CBN abrasive wheels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68:249–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lin CC, Chen RB, Shiue EK (2001) A wettability study of Cu/Sn/Ti active braze alloys on alumina. J Mater Sci 36:2145–2150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Passerone A, Valenza F, Muolo ML (2012) A review of transition metals diborides: from wettability studies to joining. J Mater Sci 47:8275–8289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hausner S, Wielage B (2013) Brazing of metal and ceramic joints. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Germany

    Book  Google Scholar 

  44. Halbig MC, Coddingto BP, Asthana R, Singh M (2013) Characterization of silicon carbide joints fabricated using SiC particulate-reinforced Ag-Cu-Ti alloys. Ceram Int 39:4151–4162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhu YJ, Ding WF, Xu JH, Yang CY (2015) An investigation of residual stresses in brazed cubic boron nitride abrasive grains by finite element modelling and Raman spectroscopy. Mater Des 87:342–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Devincent SM, Michal GM (1993) Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of graphite/copper composites through interfacial modification. J Mater Eng Perform 2:323–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang ZF, Qi R, Wang J, Qi SH (2015) Thermal conductivity improvement of epoxy composite filled with expanded graphite. Ceram Int 41:13541–13546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Cao YT, Yan JZ, Li N, Zeng Y, Xin CL (2015) Effects of brazing temperature on microstructure and mechanical performance of Al2O3/AgCuTi/Fe-Ni-Co brazed joints. J Alloys Compd 650:30–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Hilders O, Pena ND, Ramos M, Saenz L, Berrio L, Caballero RA, Quintero A (2002) Stress triaxiality dimple fracture morphology and fractal dimension relations for several aluminum alloys. Mater Sci Forum 396-402:1321–1328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ding WF, Zhu YZ, Zhang LC, Xu JH, Fu YC, Liu WD, Yang CY (2015) Stress characteristics and fracture wear of brazed CBN grains in monolayer grinding wheels. Wear 332–333:800–809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Shen B, Chen SL, Chen YS, Sun FH (2017) Enhancement on the tribological performance of diamond films by utilizing graphene coating as a solid lubricant. Surf Coat Technol 311:35–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Li XS, Zhang JQ (2011) Research on key manufacturing technologies for super-high speed vitrified bond CBN grinding wheel. Tool Eng 45:3–7

    Google Scholar 

  53. Zhang JQ, Pang ZR, Yu TB, Wang WS (2011) Experiment study based on nano-ceramic grinding wheel bond. Adv Mater Res 299–300:250–254

    Google Scholar 

  54. Miab RJ, Hadian AM (2014) Effect of brazing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of cubic boron nitride/steel joints. Ceram Int 40:8519–8524

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Wang TP, Lvas T, Lee W, Leinenbach C, Zhang J (2016) Relief of the residual stresses in Si3N4/Invar joints by multi-layered braze structure-experiments and simulation. Ceram Int 42:7080–7087

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Qiu HP, Guo QG, Song YZ, Zhai GT, Song JR, Liu L (2002) Study of the relationship between thermal conductivity and microcrystalline parameters of buck graphite. New Carbon Mater 17:36–40

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People’s Republic of China

    Qing Miao, Wenfeng Ding, Dengkui Fu, Zhenzhen Chen & Yucan Fu

Authors
  1. Qing Miao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wenfeng Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dengkui Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhenzhen Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yucan Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wenfeng Ding.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Miao, Q., Ding, W., Fu, D. et al. Influence of graphite addition on bonding properties of abrasive layer of metal-bonded CBN wheel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93, 2675–2684 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0714-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0714-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation