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Application of Microalgal Physiological Response as Biomarker for Evaluating the Toxicity of the Textile Dye Alizarin Red S

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Abstract

Textile dyes are becoming a growing threat to the environment. This report presents the findings of the study on the toxicity of the textile dye Alizarin Red S on two freshwater microalgae. The acute toxicity assay revealed that 96-h EC50 values of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis were 29.81 mg/L and 18.94 mg/L respectively. The pigments chlorophyll-a, b and carotenoids in C. vulgaris on 96-h exposure to the dye were 2.91, 3.29 and 3.01 times lower in analogy to control whereas Spirulina platensis showed 2.89and 2.56 fold decrease in chlorophyll-a and carotenoid content than control. After the test period of 96-h with dye, the protein content of C. vulgaris and S. platensis were 2.33 and 1.77 times lower compared to the control. The growth inhibition rate, pigment as well as the protein content declined in compliance with the rise in dye concentration, which anticipate paradigm about the toxic effects of the textile dye.

Highlights

  • Inhibition of growth rate and changes in the biochemical composition reveals the toxicity of the textile dye.

  • ARS can be considered as harmful to the aquatic organism according to the EU-Directive 93/67/EEC.

  • Dye toxicity to microalgae varies depending on the dose and exposure period.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to ICAR-CIFE, Mumbai for the financial support provided for this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, 400061, Mumbai, Maharastra, India

    Abarna Krishna Moorthy, Satya Prakash Shukla, Rathi Bhuvaneswari Govindarajan, Kundan Kumar & Vidya Shree Bharti

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  1. Abarna Krishna Moorthy
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Correspondence to Rathi Bhuvaneswari Govindarajan.

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Moorthy, A.K., Shukla, S.P., Govindarajan, R.B. et al. Application of Microalgal Physiological Response as Biomarker for Evaluating the Toxicity of the Textile Dye Alizarin Red S. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 109, 401–408 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03525-3

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