Abstract
The present study is an attempt to assess the pollution intensity and corresponding ecological risk of heavy metals such as Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr using various indices like geo-accumulation index, concentration factor, pollution loading and ecological risk index. In all 21 surface sediments samples were collected from the stream flowing around the solid waste disposal landfill of Qayen city in southeastern Iran. Although Igeo values for Cd varied greatly, sites 18–21 with class 5 show heavy loads of Cd (values between 4.13 and 4.45). PLI values (3.37–12.89) clearly suggest strong contamination with respect to the measured metals. This study clearly indicates that the contamination risk in the downstream reservoir is much higher than upstream sites due to transfer and accumulation of leached metals from upstream to downstream.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barbieri M, Sappa G, Vitale S et al (2014) Soil control of trace metals concentrations in landfills: a case study of the largest landfill in Europe, Malagrotta, Rome. J Geochem Explor. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.04.001
Bartoli G, Papa S, Sagnella E, Fioretto A (2012) Heavy metal content in sediments along the Calore river: relationships with physical–chemical characteristics. J Environ Manag 95:S9–S14
Bastami KD, Bagheri H, Kheirabadi V et al (2014) Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments along southeast coast of the Caspian Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 81:262–267. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.029
Bettinetti R, Giarei C, Provini A (2003) Chemical analysis and sediment toxicity bioassays to assess the contamination of the River Lambro (Northern Italy). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 45:72–78. doi:10.1007/s00244-002-0126-6
Claret F, Tournassat C, Crouzet C et al (2011) Metal speciation in landfill leachates with a focus on the influence of organic matter. Waste Manag 31:2036–2045. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.05.014
Demirak A, Yilmaz F, Tuna AL, Ozdemir N (2006) Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern Turkey. Chemosphere 63:1451–1458. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.09.033
Gonçalves MA, Nogueira JMF, Figueiras J et al (2004) Base-metals and organic content in stream sediments in the vicinity of a landfill. Appl Geochem 19:137–151. doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(03)00130-6
Hakanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Res 14:975–1001. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
Hongyi N, Wenjing D, Qunhe W, Xingeng C (2009) Potential toxic risk of heavy metals from sediment of the Pearl River in South China. J Environ Sci 21(8):1053–1058
Islam J, Singhal N (2004) A laboratory study of landfill-leachate transport in soils. Water Res 38:2035–2042
Müller G (1986) Schadstoffe in Sedimenten—Sedimente als Schadstoffe. MitL österr Geol Ges 79:107–126
Olivares-Rieumont S, Lima L, De la Rosa D et al (2007) Water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) as indicators of heavy metal impact of a large landfill on the Almendares River near Havana, Cuba. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 79:583–587. doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9305-5
Sayadi MH, Rezaei MR (2014) Impact of land use on the distribution of toxic metals in surface soils in Birjand city, Iran. Proc Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci 4(1):18–29
Sayadi MH, Sayyed MRG (2011) Comparative assessment of baseline concentration of the heavy metals in the soils of Chitgar industrial area Tehran (Iran) with the comprisable reference data. Environ Earth Sci 63(6):1179–1188. doi:10.1007/s12665-010-0792-z
Sayadi MH, Sayyed MRG, Saptarshi PG (2008) An assessment of the Chitgar River sediments for the short-term accumulation of the heavy metals from Tehran, Iran. Pollut Res 27(4):627–634
Sayadi MH, Sayyed MRG, Kumar Suyash (2010) Short-term accumulative signatures’ of heavy metal in river bed sediments, Tehran, Iran. Environ Monit Assess 162:465–473. doi:10.1007/s10661-009-0810-3
Sayyed MRG, Sayadi MH (2011) Variations in the heavy metal accumulations within the surface soils from the Chitgar industrial area of Tehran. Proc Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci 1:36–46
Sekabira K, Origa HO, Basamba TA, Mutumba G, Kakudidi E (2010) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries. Int J Environ Sci Technol 7(3):435–446
Sheykhi V, Moore F (2013) Evaluation of potentially toxic metals pollution in the sediments of the Kor river, southwest Iran. Environ Monit Assess 185:3219–3232. doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2785-8
Suyash K, Pawar NJ (2011) Site-specific accentuation of heavy metals in groundwaters from Ankaleshwar industrial estate, India. Environ Earth Sci 64:557–566
Tomlinson DL, Wilson JG, Harris CR, Jeffrey DW (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 33:566–575. doi:10.1007/BF02414780
Yang Z, Wang Y, Shen Z, Niu J, Tang Z (2009) Distribution and speciation of heavy metals in sediments from the mainstream, tributaries, and lakes of the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China. J Hazard Mater 166(2):1186–1194
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Research Council of University of Birjand which as a Research Project was conducted in 2013. Authors are appreciated the authorities of Research Council and Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, due to their sincere cooperation. We also like to thank Dr. Mrs. Mahavash F. Kavian for editing the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sayadi, M.H., Rezaei, M.R. & Rezaei, A. Sediment Toxicity and Ecological Risk of Trace Metals from Streams Surrounding a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 94, 559–563 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1518-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1518-4