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Genesis of No. 2 orebody of the Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposit, NW China: New constraints from the newly discovered deep extension

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Abstract

The world-class Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE (platinum-group element) sulfide deposit comprises four large orebodies (No. 1, 2, 3 and 24). Underground fan drilling discovered significant lateral extension of No. 2 orebody, referred as No. 2a in this study. From base to top, the No. 2a orebody comprises disseminated sulfide in olivine pyroxenites, net-textured ore in lherzolite, and massive ore. Despite different host rocks, the contents of Ni, Cu and PGE of the same types of sulfide ores from No. 2 and No. 2a orebodies are comparable. Mass balance calculation indicates that the parental magmas contained 0.01–0.05 ppb Ir and 0.2-0.8 ppb Pd, which are about one order of magnitude less than PGE abundances of undepleted continental flood basalts. PGE tenors (recalculated to 100% sulfides) of the net-textured ores from both orebodies increase upward. We attribute this to variations in magma:sulfide ratios of successive batches of recharged magmas and/or reaction of sulfides with less evolved magma. We propose that the No. 2a and No. 2 orebodies were located in the upstream and downstream parts of an originally sub-horizontal magma conduit, respectively. Sulfide liquids accumulated in the wider parts of the magma conduit to form No. 2a and No. 2 orebodies progressively. Variable locations within the intrusion and sharp contacts with other types of sulfide ore indicate that the massive ores formed by injection of pooled sulfide melt. Significant Pt-depletion of the massive ores and Pt enrichment in the adjacent net-textured ores suggest migration of residual fractionated sulfide liquids.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China projects (42121003, 41772067, and 41630316) to X.-Y. Song. We thank Chusi Li of Indiana University for useful discussion, plus editing the abstract and conclusions of the first draft. We are indebted to Mr. Ya-Lin Gao, Mei-Lin Xiao and Yuan-Zhi Meng of Jinchuan Company for their logistic support in sampling, and to Dr. Da-Peng Wang and Ms. Yi-Fan Yin for their assistance in PGE analysis. Constructive reviews from MC Lesher, David Evans and Wolfgang Maier are greatly appreciated.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People’s Republic of China

    Ting-Mao Long, Xie-Yan Song, Jian Kang & Qing-Lin Liang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Ting-Mao Long, Jian Kang & Qing-Lin Liang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchuan Group Ltd, Jinchuan, Gansu, 737100, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-Cai Wang, De-Xian Li, Qi-Xing Ai, Wen-De Suo & Jian-Quan Lu

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Long, TM., Song, XY., Kang, J. et al. Genesis of No. 2 orebody of the Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposit, NW China: New constraints from the newly discovered deep extension. Miner Deposita 58, 1317–1332 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-023-01184-w

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