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Melt recharge, f O2-T conditions, and metal fertility of felsic magmas: zircon trace element chemistry of Cu-Au porphyries in the Sanjiang orogenic belt, southwest China

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Abstract

The magmatic hydrothermal Pulang Cu deposit (Triassic) and the Beiya Au-Cu deposits (Eocene) are located in the Sanjiang copper porphyry belt, southwest China. Zircon chemistry was used to constrain the magmatic evolution and oxidation state of the porphyries. The results show that porphyries of the Beiya district formed from an early oxidized melt and a later relatively reduced and more evolved magma, whereas Pulang experienced a normal Cu porphyry evolutionary trend. The Pulang porphyries crystallized from more oxidized magma (∆FMQ + 2.9–4.6, average = 4.0 ± 1.0, n = 3) with an average temperature of 709 ± 6 °C compared to the Beiya porphyries (∆FMQ + 0.6–3.5, average = 1.9 ± 1.3, n = 5) with a mean magmatic temperature of 780 ± 22 °C. These data, combined with data from other Cu- and Au-rich porphyries in the Sanjiang belt (i.e., Machangjing Cu, Yao’an Au), are consistent with previous experimental work showing that elevated Cu and Au solubilities in magma require oxidizing conditions. A compilation of existing geochemical data for magmatic zircons from fertile and barren porphyry systems worldwide establishes an optimal diagnostic interval on CeIV/CeIII-TTi-in-zircon and (Eu/Eu*)N plots for generating magmatic hydrothermal Cu-Au deposits.

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Acknowledgements

We express our appreciation to Mingyue Hu who provided in-kind analytical work for LA-ICP-MS zircon trace element analysis and Junting Qiu for his assistance in f O2 calculation through zircon trace elements. Careful reviews by Franco Pirajno and Jeremy Richards improved the quality of the initial version. The manuscript also benefited considerably from the constructive reviews from Bernd Lehmann, Ruizhong Hu, and two anonymous reviewers. All these contributions are kindly appreciated.

Funding

This research was jointly supported by the Chinese Geological Survey (Project 12120113093700), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40902029), a 973 project of China (2014CB440903), Public Scientific Research (Project No. 200911007), the open research fund from the Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment (MLR), and by Yunnan Gold and Mineral Resources Corporation (Project: Metallogenic Regularity and Minerogenetic Series Research of Gold Polymetallic Deposits in West Yunnan Province, China).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Xuyang Meng

  2. MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China

    Jingwen Mao, Changqing Zhang & Huan Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Dongyang Zhang

Authors
  1. Xuyang Meng
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  2. Jingwen Mao
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  3. Changqing Zhang
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  4. Dongyang Zhang
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  5. Huan Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jingwen Mao.

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Editorial handling: B. Lehmann

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Meng, X., Mao, J., Zhang, C. et al. Melt recharge, f O2-T conditions, and metal fertility of felsic magmas: zircon trace element chemistry of Cu-Au porphyries in the Sanjiang orogenic belt, southwest China. Miner Deposita 53, 649–663 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-017-0768-y

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