Abstract
Gastric cancer is a pathological alteration that affects the cellular lining of the stomach, causing some of the gastric cells transformed to become malignant cells. Gastric cancer is still on the top five leading causes of cancer death in both genders worldwide. During the past decade, new important data indicated that the prevalence of gastric cancer is changing due to multiple etiology. However, Helicobacter pylori infection, geographical locations, inflammation, and cancer subtype, age, and environmental changes are reported risk factors that are commonly associated with gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection is recognized as a principal gastric cancer-associated risk due to its direct effects on gastric tissues. It was reported that it affects cellular cancer formation by increasing proliferation rate, upregulating inflammatory response and apoptosis. There are also several human polymorphisms identified and associated with gastric cancer; most of them occur within immune response genes. This book chapter will discuss recent pathological and epidemiological aspects from the perspective of polymorphisms and gastric carcinoma. It will also summarize our understanding of the genetic basis of gastric cancer, which will be remodeled to the new recognition of gastric cancer as a multifactorial disease with distinguished pathogenicity and polymorphism. This understanding will have important implications in the future of the management and prevention of gastric cancer. This chapter will discuss molecular alterations that have been characterized for GC.
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Abbreviations
- APCs:
-
Antigen-presenting cells
- BabA:
-
Blood group antigen-binding adhesin
- CagA:
-
Cytotoxin-associated gene
- CGC:
-
Cardia gastric cancer
- CIMP:
-
CpG island methylator phenotype
- CIN:
-
Chromosomal instability
- DLBCL:
-
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- EMT:
-
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- GAPPS:
-
Gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach
- GC:
-
Gastric cancer
- GERD:
-
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- GISTs:
-
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
- GLP:
-
Gastric linitis plastica
- HDGC:
-
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
- HNPCC:
-
Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
- ICCs:
-
Interstitial cells of cajal
- MALT:
-
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
- MAPK:
-
Microtubule-associated protein kinase
- MSI:
-
Microsatellite instability
- MUC1:
-
Mucin 1
- NCGC:
-
Non-cardia gastric cancer
- NK:
-
Natural killer
- OipA:
-
Outer inflammatory proteins
- PGL:
-
Primary gastric lymphoma
- PMNs:
-
Polymorphonuclear cells
- SabA:
-
Sialic acid-binding adhesin
- SNPs:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Tis:
-
Carcinoma in situ
- TNFα:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- VacA:
-
Vacuolating cytotoxin
- WHO:
-
World Health Organization
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Malli, I.A. (2021). From Inflammation to Cancer: Role of Genetic Polymorphisms of Inflammatory Pathway Molecules in Gastric Cancer. In: Sameer, A.S., Banday, M.Z., Nissar, S. (eds) Genetic Polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6699-2_4
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