Abstract
The current age, representing the highly industrialized, urbanized, and mechanized societies, has pushed the Earth’s environment to its limits of sustenance. These technological advancements are held responsible for global warming and climate change, the effects of which can be seen in the rising frequency of catastrophic floods, droughts, cyclonic storms as well as melting glaciers, and rising sea levels. There have also been significant concerns about the ecological imbalances caused by such events, where environmental pollution and degradation are at the center stage. This has led to innovations in anthropogenic activities and technologies for environmental restoration/clean-up, which include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Among the existing technologies, bioremediation holds promise for the future as it has been proven to be ecologically friendly, sustainable, and entails low-cost technologies. Bioremediation alone, however, has limitations in the context of the variety of environmental contaminants it can address and also the levels to which it can effectively remediate. The solution to this problem has arrived in the form of nanobioremediation, whereby nanotechnologies and nanomaterials have been integrated with bioremediation approaches to achieve enhanced remediation efficacies and solutions for removal/sequestration of a wide variety of environmental contaminants through a sustainable, eco-friendly, and economically viable approach. Here, efforts are made to discuss the integration of biomolecules, microbes, and enzymatic processes with nanotechnology to address the present challenges in environmental remediation and restoration. This chapter explores the techniques associated with nanobioremediation by means of biologically fabricated nanoparticles, microorganism-assisted nanoparticles, and enzyme-based nanomaterials in recent times. It shall also provide an insight into the future perspective and challenges relating to the application of these technologies.
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Baruah, J., Chaliha, C., Kalita, E. (2023). Nanobioremediation: Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Remediation of Environmental Contaminants. In: Fernandez-Luqueno, F., Patra, J.K. (eds) Agricultural and Environmental Nanotechnology. Interdisciplinary Biotechnological Advances. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5454-2_18
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