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Physiological Traits Based Breeding to Achieve Higher Yield in Soybean Crop

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Developing Climate Resilient Grain and Forage Legumes

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Abstract

Currently, the feeding of 1.39 billion people of India can only be possible by doubling the current agricultural crop production, and this target has been heavily challenged by climate change and the environmental impact on agricultural systems. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is the world’s most important and leading seed legume, contributing to 25% of the global edible oil, about two-thirds of the world’s protein concentrate for livestock feeding. At present, India ranks fifth in the area and production of soybean in the world. The rate of yield increase is not high enough to satisfy global demand for food (Godfray et al. Science (Washington, DC) 327:812–818, 2010). One strategy to increase the rate of genetic progress is the application of trait-based hybridization in breeding programs (Reynolds and Langridge, Curr Opin Plant Biol 31:162–171, 2016). The genetic progress would be attained by improving those physiological traits that theoretically have the highest positive impact on yield. There have been several studies revealing genetic differences in various physiological parameters ranging from pollen germination, canopy temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, and leaf antioxidants. A strong correlation between traits and seed yield showed the possibility that improvements have occurred physiologically while selections were made for seed yield. Osmotic adjustment, accumulation and remobilization of stem reserves, superior photosynthesis, heat- and desiccation-tolerant enzymes, and so on are important physiological traits (PTs) in a breeding program either by direct selection or in the course of a substitute such as molecular markers. The key steps in physiological breeding are (a) crop design, (b) genetic resource exploration, (c) phenotyping mainly in field environments, (d) genetic analysis to enable marker-assisted breeding, (e) hybridization and progeny selection, (f) evaluation of genetic gains via multi-location testing systems, and (g) informatics services underpinning all activities. Thus, the present review urges the need for incorporating physiological breeding strategies into food legumes improvement pipelines; addresses the gap between breeders and physiologists; focuses on physiological traits that are to be targeted; yield gains in food legumes; the impact of abiotic stress and the importance of roots and root phenotyping in food legumes breeding programs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Maharaj Singh & G. K. Satpute

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India

    Shivani Nagar

  3. Oxford International College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Akanksha Singh

Authors
  1. Maharaj Singh
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  2. Shivani Nagar
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  3. Akanksha Singh
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  4. G. K. Satpute
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Uday C Jha

  2. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Harsh Nayyar

  3. International Center for Agricultural Research for the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco

    Shiv Kumar Agrawal

  4. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

    Kadambot H. M. Siddique

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Singh, M., Nagar, S., Singh, A., Satpute, G.K. (2022). Physiological Traits Based Breeding to Achieve Higher Yield in Soybean Crop. In: Jha, U.C., Nayyar, H., Agrawal, S.K., Siddique, K.H.M. (eds) Developing Climate Resilient Grain and Forage Legumes. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9848-4_12

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