Abstract
Nanotechnology relates to microbiology at a number of levels as the microbial entities are nano-machines. In the second half of this decade, nanotechnology expanding its applications in the field of medical microbiology. Nanotechnology is clinically appropriate and retains the potential to be valuable in the diagnosis of general and microbial infections. The rapid detection of pathogenic microbes at the point of care is extremely critical. The application of nanoparticles permits for the detection of infectious pathogens in small sample volumes directly in a sensitive, specific, and rapid format at lower costs than current in-use technologies. A bio-conjugated nanoparticle-based bioassay for in situ pathogen quantification can detect a single microbe. The waveguide technology is an emergent area in the medical microbiology for the fast and successful diagnosis of infectious diseases. Nanotechnology is demonstrated for the detection of Avian influenza virus H5N1, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), HIV, and Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus in clinical samples with a great degree of sensitivity. Nanoparticle-based bio-barcode amplification (BCA) assay is being applied for early detection of HIV-1 capsid antigen. The gold nanoparticle interferometer sensor has been validated for detection of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and silver nanorod array substrates can detect spectral differences between the viral strains. A nanoparticle label technology with highly fluorescent chelated nanoparticle label has been developed for Adenovirus and Human papillomavirus (HPV). The nano-gold labelled amplification is a novel technique for the detection of Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Hepatitis E virus in patient’s samples. Norovirus is a leading cause of gastroenteritis and nanospray mass spectrometry is evaluated for norovirus detection. With the manifestation and intensification of microbes resistant to antibiotics, silver nanoparticle antiseptics have been evaluated for the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All these technologies would have to be assessed in clinical settings prior to their complete admission is highly recommended.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abbaspour A, Norouz-Sarvestani F, Noori A, Soltani N (2015) Aptamer-conjugated silver nanoparticles for electrochemical dual-aptamer-based sandwich detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Biosens Bioelectron 68:149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.040
Actis L, Srinivasan A, Lopez-Ribot JL et al (2015) Effect of silver nanoparticle geometry on methicillin susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and osteoblast viability. J Mater Sci Mater Med 26:215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5538-8
Ahmad A, Qureshi AS, Li L et al (2016) Antibacterial activity of grapheme supported FeAg bimetallic nanocomposites. Colloid Surface B 143:490–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.065
Andersson DI, Hughes D (2010) Antibiotic resistance and its cost: is it possible to reverse resistance? Nat Rev Microbiol 8:260–271. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2319
Anghel LC, Grumezescu AM, Anghel AG, Bleotu G, Chifiriuc MC (2012) In vitro evaluation of antipathogenic surface coating nanofluid, obtained by combining Fe3O4/C12 nanostructures and 2-((4-ethylphenoxy) methyl)- N-(substituted phenylcarbamothioyl)-benzamides. Nanoscale Res Lett 7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-513.
Aziz N, Fatma T, Varma A, Prasad R (2014) Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Scenedesmus abundans and evaluation of their antibacterial activity. J Nanoparticles, Article ID 689419. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/689419
Aziz N, Faraz M, Pandey R, Sakir M, Fatma T, Varma A, Barman I, Prasad R (2015) Facile algae-derived route to biogenic silver nanoparticles: synthesis, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. Langmuir 31:11605–11612. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03081
Aziz N, Pandey R, Barman I, Prasad R (2016) Leveraging the attributes of Mucor hiemalis-derived silver nanoparticles for a synergistic broad-spectrum antimicrobial platform. Front Microbiol 7:1984. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01984
Balzani V (2005) Nanoscience and nanotechnology: A personal view of chemist. Small 1(3):278–283. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200400010
Baranwal A, Mahato K, Srivastava A, Maurya PK, Chandra P (2016) Phytofabricated metallic nanoparticles and their clinical applications. RSC Adv 6:105996–106010. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA23411A
Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Domb A et al (2015) Alternative antimicrobial approach: nano-antimicrobial materials. Evid-Based Compl Alt 2015:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/246012
Callaway E (2020) The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide. Nature 580:576–577. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01221-y
Chandra P, Noh HB, Won MS, Shim YB (2011) Detection of daunomycin using phosphatidylserine and aptamercoimmobilized on Au nanoparticles deposited conducting polymer. Biosens Bioelectron 26:4442–4449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.060
Colquhoun DR, Schwab KJ, Cole RN, Halden RU (2006) Detection of norovirus capsid protein in authentic standards and in stool extracts by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and nanospray mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:2749–2755. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.4.2749-2755.2006
Costerton JW (1999) Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 284:1318–1322. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1318
Draz MS, Shafiee H (2018) Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection. Theranostics 8:1985. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.23856
Drexler KE, Peterson C (1989) Foresight briefing. Nanotechnology and enabling technologies. http://www.foresight.org/updates/Briefing2.html
Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S, Brodt HR, Becker S, Rabenau H, Panning M, Kolesnikova L, Fouchier RA, Berger A, Burguiere AM, Cinatl J, Eickmann M, Escriou N, Grywna K, Kramme S, Manuguerra JC, Muller S, Rickerts V, Sturmer M, Vieth S, Klenk HD, Osterhaus AD, Schmitz H, Doerr HW (2003) Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med 348:1967–1976. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030747
Drulis-Kawa Z, Dorotkiewicz-Jach A, Gubernator J, Gula G, Bocer T, Doroszkiewicz W (2009) The interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and cationic PC: Chol: DOTAP liposomal vesicles versus outer-membrane structure and envelope properties of bacterial cell. Int J Pharm 367(1):211–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.043
Duran N, Duran M, de Jesus MB et al (2015) Silver nanoparticles: a new view on mechanistic aspects on antimicrobial activity. Nanomedicine 12:789–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.016
Dykman LA, Khlebtsov NG (2011) Gold nanoparticles in biology and medicine. Recent Advances and Prospects Acta Naturae 3(2):34–55. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15166E
El-Zahry MR, Mahmoud A, Refaat IH et al (2015) Antibacterial effect of various shapes of silver nanoparticles monitored by SERS. Talanta 138:183–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.022
Feynman RP (1960) There’s plenty of room at the bottom. Eng Sci 23(5):22–36. ISSN 0013-7812
Franci G, Falanga A, Galdiero S et al (2015) Silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. Molecules 20:8856–8874. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20058856
Giamberardino A, Labib M, Hassan EM, Tetro JA, Springthorpe S, Sattar SA, Berezovski MV, DeRosa MC (2013) Ultrasensitive norovirus detection using DNA aptasensor technology. PLoS One 8:e79087. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079087
Gollmer D, Walter F, Lorch C, NovĂ¡k J, Banerjee R, Dieterle J et al (2014) Fabrication and characterization of combined metallic nanogratings and ITO electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells. Microelectron Eng 119:122–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2014.03.042
Guo YJ, Sun GM, Zhang L, Tang YJ, Luo JJ, Yang PH (2014) Multifunctional optical probe based on gold nanorods for detection and identification of cancer cells. Sens Actuators B 191:741–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.027
He W, Zhou YT, Wamer WG et al (2013) Intrinsic catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles with respect to hydrogen peroxide decomposition and superoxide scavenging. Biomaterials 34:765–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.010
Inamuddin, Ahamed MI, Prasad R (2021) Advanced antimicrobial materials and applications. Springer, Singapore. ISBN 978-981-15-7098-8. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811570971
Jackson TC, Patani BO, Ekpa DE (2017) Nanotechnology in diagnosis: a review. Adv Nanoparticles 6(3):93–102. https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2017.63008
Johansson EMV, Crusz SA, Kolomiets E et al (2008) Inhibition and dispersion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by glycopeptides dendrimers targeting the fucose-specific lectin LecB. Chem Biol 15(12):1249–1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.10.009
Kaittanis C, Santra S, Perez JM (2010) Emerging nanotechnology-based strategies for the identification of microbial pathogenesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 62(4–5):408–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.013
Kang JH, Asami Y, Murata M, Kitazaki H, Sadanaga N, Tokunaga E, Shiotani S, Okada S, Maehara Y, Niidome T (2010) Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assay for cancer diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 25(8):1869–1874. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac702037y
Kattke MD, Gao EJ, Sapsford KE, Stephenson LD, Kumar A (2011) FRET-based quantum dot immunoassay for rapid and sensitive detection of Aspergillus amstelodami. Sensors 11:6396–6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/s110606396
Kerry RG, Malik S, Redda YT, Sahoo S, Patra JK, Majhi S (2019) Nano-based approach to combat emerging viral (NIPAH virus) infection. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 18:196–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.004
Khoris IM, Takemura K, Lee J, Hara T, Abe F, Suzuki T, Park EY (2019) Enhanced colorimetric detection of norovirus using in-situ growth of Ag shell on Au NPs. Biosens Bioelectron 126:425–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.067
Kim EY, Stanton J, Korber BT et al (2008) Detection of HIV-1 p24 Gag in plasma by a nanoparticle-based bio-barcode-amplification method. Nanomedicine 3:293–303. https://doi.org/10.2217/17435889.3.3.293
Kumar CSSR (2006) Nanomaterials for biosensors. Wiley-VCH Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-04697-4
Kurdekar AD, Chunduri LAA, Chelli SM et al (2017) Fluorescent silver nanoparticle based highly sensitive immunoassay for early detection of HIV infection. RSC Adv 7:19863–19877. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA28737A
Le T, Andreadakis Z, Kumar A, GĂ³mez RomĂ¡n R, Tollefsen S, Saville M, Mayhew S (2020) The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape. Nat Rev Drug Discov 19:305–306. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41573-020-00073-5
Lee K-B, Kim E-Y, Mirkin CA, Wolinsky SM (2004) The use of nanoarrays for highly sensitive and selective detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Nano Lett 10:1869–1872. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl049002y
Lee ALZ, Ng VWL, Wang W, Hedrick JL, Yang YY (2013) Block copolymer mixtures as antimicrobial hydrogels for biofilm eradication. Biomaterials 34(38):10278–10286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.029
Lee JH, Kim YG, Cho MH, Lee J (2014) ZnO nanoparticles inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Microbiol Res 169(12):888–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2014.05.005
Li Y, Tseng YD, Kwon SY, Despaux L, Bunch JS, Mceuen PL (2004) Controlled assembly of dendrimer-like DNA. Nat Mater 3:38–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1045
Liu K, Qu S, Zhang X, Tan F, Wang Z (2013) Improved photovoltaic performance of silicon nanowire/organic hybrid solar cells by incorporating silver nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett 8:88. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-8-88
Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB et al (2012) Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 18:268–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x
Mapara N, Sharma M, Shriram V et al (2015) Antimicrobial potentials of Helicteresisora silver nanoparticles against extensively drugresistant (XDR) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99:10655–10667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6938-x
Martinez MA (2020) Compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 Coronavirus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 64:e00399–e00320. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00399-20
Minocheherhomji FP (2016) Microorganisms in environment: boon and bane. Int J Adv Res 4(10):826–830. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/1864
Mollasalehi H, Yazdanparast R (2013) An improved non-crosslinking gold nanoprobe-NASBA based on 16S rRNA for rapid discriminative biosensing of major salmonellosis pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 47:231–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.012
Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM (2015) Does the antibacterial activity of silve nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 290:1712–1720. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02218-06
Paul S, Chugh A (2011) Assessing the role ayurvedic bhasmas as ethano-nanomedicine in the metal based nanomedicine patent regime. J Intellect Prop Rights 16:509–515
Perez JW, Vargis EA, Russ PK, Haselton FR, Wright DW (2011) Detection of respiratory syncytial virus using nanoparticle amplified immuno-polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem 410:141–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.033
Prasad R (2019a) Microbial nanobionics: basic research and applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham. ISBN 978-3-030-16534-5. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030165338
Prasad R (2019b) Microbial nanobionics: state of art. Springer International Publishing, Cham. ISBN 978-3-030-16383-9 https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030163822
Prasad R, Pandey R, Barman I (2016) Engineering tailored nanoparticles with microbes: quo vadis. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 8:316–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1363
Prasad R, Jha A, Prasad K (2018) Exploring the realms of nature for nanosynthesis. Springer International Publishing, Cham. ISBN 978-3-319-99570-0. https://www.springer.com/978-3-319-99570-0
Prasad R, Siddhardha B, Dyavaiah M (2020) Nanostructures for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham. ISBN 978-3-030-40336-2. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030403362
Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A (2009) Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 27:76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002
Ramasamy M, Kim S, Lee SS, Yi DK (2016) Recyclable photothermalnano-aggregates of magnetic nanoparticle conjugate gold nanorods for effective pathogenic bacterialysis. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 16(1):555–561. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.10603
Rauch S, Jasny E, Schmidt KE, Petsch B (2018) New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations. Front Immunol 9:1963. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01963
Reidy B, Haase A, Luch A et al (2013) Mechanisms of silver nanoparticle release, transformation and toxicity: a critical review of current knowledge and recommendations for future studies and applications. Materials (Basel) 6:2295–2350. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6062295
Rtimi S, Sanjines R, Pulgarin C et al (2016) Microstructure of Cu-Ag uniform nanoparticulate films on polyurethane 3D catheters: surface properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:56–63. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09738
Sallem S, Ahmed B, Khan MS, Al-Shaeri S, Musarrat J (2017) Inhibition of growth and biofilm formation of clinical bacterial isolates by NiO nanoparticles synthesized from Eucalyptus globulus plants. Microb Pathog 111:375–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.019
Seo G, Lee G, Kim MJ, Baek SH, Choi M, Ku KB, Lee CS, Jun S, Park D, Kim HG et al (2020) Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus (SARS-CoV-2) in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor. ACS Nano 14:5135–5142. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c02823
Shinde NC (2012) Nanoparticles: advances in drug delivery systems. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 3(1):922–929. https://doi.org/10.33887/rjpbcs
Singh R, Nawale LU, Arkile M (2015) Chemical and biological metal nanoparticles as antimycobacterial agents: a comparative study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 46:183–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.014
Singh N, Dahiya B, Radhakrishnan VS, Prasad T, Mehta PK (2018) Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified ESAT-6 (Rv3875) by magnetic bead-coupled gold nanoparticle-based immuno-PCR assay. Int J Nanomedicine 13:8523–8535. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S181052
Sinha R, Karan R, Sinha A, Khare SK (2011) Interaction and nanotoxic effect of ZnO and Ag nanoparticles on mesophilic and halophilic bacterial cells. Bioresour Technol 102(2):1516–1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.117
Sonawane SJ, Kalhapure RS, Rambharose S, Mocktar C, Vepuri SB, Soliman M, Govender T (2016) Ultrasmall lipid-dendrimer hybrid nanoparticles as a promising strategy for antibiotic delivery: in vitro and in silico studies. Int J Pharm 504(1–2):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.021
Srivastava S, Usmani Z, Atanasov AG, Singh VK, Singh NP, Abdel-Azeem AM, Prasad R, Gupta G, Sharma M, Bhargava A (2021) Biological nanofactories: using living forms for metal nanoparticle synthesis. Mini-Rev Med Chem 21(2):245–265
Takemura K, Adegoke O, Takahashi N, Kato T, Li TC, Kitamoto N, Tanaka T, Suzuki T, Park EY (2017) Versatility of a localized surface plasmon resonance-based gold nanoparticle-alloyed quantum dot nanobiosensor for immunofluorescence detection of viruses. Biosens Bioelectron 89:998–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.045
Tao Y, Ju E, Ren J et al (2015) Bifunctionalized mesoporous silica supported gold nanoparticles: intrinsic oxidase and peroxidase catalytic activities for antibacterial applications. Adv Mater 27:1097–1104. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201405105
Thakur MS, Ragavan KV (2013) Biosensors in food processing. J Food Sci Technol 50:625–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-012-0783-z
Wang X, Liu LH, RamstroemO YM (2009) Engineering nanomaterial surfaces for biomedical applications. Exp Biol Med 234:1128–1139. https://doi.org/10.3181/0904-MR-134
Watnick P, Kolter R (2000) Biofilm, city of microbes. J Bacteriol 182:2675–2679. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.182.10.2675-2679.2000
Weidemaier K, Carruthers E, Curry A, Kuroda M, Fallows E, Thomas J, Sherman D, Muldoon M (2015) Real-time pathogen monitoring during enrichment: a novel nanotechnology based approach to food safety testing. Int J Food Microbiol 198:19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.018
Zehbe I, Hacker GW, Su H, Hauser-Kronberger C, Hainfeld JF, Tubbs R (1997) Sensitive in situ hybridization with catalyzed reporter deposition, streptavidin-nanogold, and silver acetate autometallography: detection of single-copy human papillomavirus. Am J Pathol 150:1553
Zhang L, Luo J, Menkhaus TJ, Varadaraju H, Sun Y, Fong H (2011) Antimicrobial nano-fibrous membranes developed from electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. J Membr Sci 369:499–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.12.032
Zhang S, Pan W, Liang Q, Song X (2016) Exonuclease I manipulating primer modified gold nanoparticles for colorimetric telomerase activity assay. Biosens Bioelectron 77:144–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.045
Zhu S, Li J, Huang AG, Huang JQ, Huang YQ, Wang GX (2019) Anti-betanodavirus activity of isoprinosine and improved e_cacy using carbon nanotubes based drug delivery system. Aquaculture 512:734377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734377
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Somavarapu, S., Ramesh, B., Venkatrayulu, C., Subhosh Chandra, M. (2021). Nanotechnology-A New Frontier in Medical Microbiology. In: Maddela, N.R., Chakraborty, S., Prasad, R. (eds) Nanotechnology for Advances in Medical Microbiology. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9916-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9916-3_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-9915-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-9916-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)