Abstract
The interpretation of a DNA profile requires the knowledge of the mode of transmission of the involved genetic markers. Living beings show a remarkable variety of transmission fashions, and restricting our analysis to eukaryotic sexual organisms, we can formalize the main ones into three categories: uniparental (normally haploid, as happens with plastids or mitochondria), biparental homogametic (usually diploid), and heterogametic or hybrid (uni- or biparental according to parental sex, haplodiploid). The haplodiploid mode of transmission, albeit widespread, has been overlooked, and the theoretical developments required for its analysis lagged. Worse still, haplodiploid markers are many times misused and analyzed under classical diploidy assumption. Here, we provide a synthesis of the theoretical framework required for the analysis of this type of markers, enabling a fast guide for their use in DNA profiling at individual, familial, and population levels, with a special emphasis on forensic applications.
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Acknowledgments
IPATIMUP integrates the i3S research unit, which is partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. This work was partially financed by FEDER (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional) funds through the COMPETE 2020 Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação) in the framework of the project “Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274).
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Amorim, A., Pinto, N. (2021). Haplodiploid Markers and Their Forensic Relevance. In: Dash, H.R., Shrivastava, P., Lorente, J.A. (eds) Handbook of DNA Profiling. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9364-2_7-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9364-2_7-1
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