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Immobilization of Enzymes onto Silica-Based Nanomaterials for Bioprocess Applications

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Immobilization Strategies

Part of the book series: Gels Horizons: From Science to Smart Materials ((GHFSSM))

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Abstract

Enzyme-assisted catalysis have long been considered a risky venture for many industrial processes despite their unique advantages, specificity, and activity. The use of free enzymes often lack economic viability and commercial feasibility for industrial use since they are expensive, incapable to withstand harsh conditions during downstream processing, and are extremely difficult to recover. Developing novel interventions employing nanomaterials as an immobilization template has greatly improved in minimizing these obstacles, thereby promoting activity and recycling of enzymes. As a result, self-assembled enzymes over nanomaterials have demonstrated great success particularly in biomedical sector, using novel nanobiocatalysts (NBCs) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the use of such hybrid system for the production of value-added biochemical products is yet another domain, which has not been much explored. This chapter thus provides some useful insights using enzyme-nanohybrids for bioprocessing applications, particularly in the field of carbohydrate hydrolysis, biotransformation, and biofuel production. Several nanocomposites were considered for enzyme immobilization owing to their extraordinary characteristics such as non-toxic, ease in modification, high porosity ,and extremely stable toward adverse conditions. All selected studies were critically evaluated in terms of enzyme used, immobilization strategies, process parameters (enzymes’ stability, activity, loading, and recycling), and product specifications (yield, productivity, and purity). Relevant challenges encountered using nanomaterials, especially for the production of industrially relevant biochemical products, were also discussed at the end, which needs to be addressed in near future.

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Abbreviations

3-D:

Three dimensional

ºC:

Degree Celsius

Al:

Aluminium

APTMS:

(3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane

B:

Boron

CaA:

Calcium aluminosilicate

Cu:

Copper

Fe:

Iron

G:

Gram

Ga:

Galliu

H:

Hour

HMF:

5-Hydroxyfurfural

L:

Liter

MCFs:

Mesostructured silica foams

MCM:

Mobil Composition of Matter

mg:

Milligram

mL:

Milliliter

MTS:

Micelle-templated silica

NaA:

Sodium forms of zeolites A

NaX:

Sodium forms of zeolites X

NaY:

Sodium forms of zeolites Y

NBC:

Nanobiocatalyst

PDDA:

Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)

PEs:

Polyelectrolytes

SBA:

Santa Barbara Amorphous

Si:

Silicon

TMAH:

Tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide

v/v:

Volume by volume

wt%:

Weight percentage

ZIF:

Zeolitic imidazolate framework

ZSM:

Zeolite Socony Mobil

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by Department of Science and Technology, India (DST-SERB), under the project Grant YSS/2015/001599, dated 23 March 2016 in Engineering Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bhadson Road, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India

    Devendra Sillu & Yeshaswi Kaushik

  2. Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, 131028, Haryana, India

    Shekhar Agnihotri

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  1. Devendra Sillu
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Correspondence to Shekhar Agnihotri .

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  1. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Anuj Tripathi

  2. Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Jose Savio Melo

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Sillu, D., Kaushik, Y., Agnihotri, S. (2021). Immobilization of Enzymes onto Silica-Based Nanomaterials for Bioprocess Applications. In: Tripathi, A., Melo, J.S. (eds) Immobilization Strategies . Gels Horizons: From Science to Smart Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7998-1_11

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