Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nutrient Cycling in Cropping Systems

Saia, Sergio; Tamayo, Elisabeth; Schillaci, Calogero; De Vita, Pasquale

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_4

Sergio Saia⁵,
Elisabeth Tamayo^6,7,
Calogero Schillaci⁸ &
…
Pasquale De Vita⁹

1901 Accesses
7 Citations
9 Altmetric

Abstract

Soil nutrient cycling in the soil-plant system of crops relies on the effects of the agronomical practices on soil conditions, especially soil microbial population mediating soil carbon transformation (either mineralization or stabilization), nitrogen cycle including soil nitrogen transformation, uptake and return from plants, and nitrogen losses, and the fate of other elements mediating these trade-offs, including phosphorous.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread, soil-borne microbes living in an obligate symbiotic status with most of the land plants. Such symbiosis can bring considerable benefits to plant growth, uptake of nutrients, and soil conditions. However, such benefits are not frequently seen in the field since the agronomical practices, especially tillage and use of fungicides, impair its development, which can partly be overcome by inoculation. Also, the increase of CO₂ concentration with climate change and nitrogen fertilization could negatively affect the AM benefit for the plant in the short term and increase the carbon cost for the plant when aggressive AMF are used. For such a reason, there is a need for long-term studies from the agronomical point of view on the role of field inoculation with AMF on both plant yield and soil conditions. Soil could be improved by the AMF inoculation in terms of redistribution of nutrients, augmented aggregation status, increase unstable soil organic carbon content, and reduction in carbon and nitrogen losses. In the present chapter, we will show the main agronomical benefit of inoculating AMF in cropped soils, along with results from field experiment and hints on the functioning of the plant-AMF symbiosis under field conditions. Perspectives of the use of and research on the arbuscular mycorrhizal technology under field conditions are also given.

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Abbreviations

Al:: Aluminum
AM:: Arbuscular mycorrhizal
AMF:: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
C:: Carbon
Ca:: Calcium
DB:: Dry biomass
EMF:: Ectomycorrhizal fungi
ERM:: Extra-radical mycelium
Fe:: Iron
IRM:: Intra-radical mycelium
K:: Potassium
N:: Nitrogen
Na⁺ :: Sodium
NFB:: N₂-fixing bacteria
O:: Oxygen
P:: Phosphorus
PGPR:: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
Pi:: Inorganic phosphorus
Po:: Organic phosphorus
S:: Sulfur
SOC:: Soil organic carbon
SOM:: Soil organic matter

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Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Vercelli, Italy
Sergio Saia
Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Granada, Spain
Elisabeth Tamayo
Molecular Phytopathology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
Elisabeth Tamayo
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Calogero Schillaci
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
Pasquale De Vita

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Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Rahul Datta
Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ram Swaroop Meena
Department of Agrifood and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Shamina Imran Pathan
DAGRI – Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Maria Teresa Ceccherini

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Saia, S., Tamayo, E., Schillaci, C., De Vita, P. (2020). Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nutrient Cycling in Cropping Systems. In: Datta, R., Meena, R., Pathan, S., Ceccherini, M. (eds) Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_4

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