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Why Settle for Mediocre, When Extremophiles Exist?

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Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 8))

Abstract

The ever-increasing uses of microorganisms and enzymes in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, detergent, leather, and textile industries has triggered a great amount of research in “extreme” enzymology. In areas of research that are based on solving environmental problems, by methods such as bioremediation, considerable attention has been paid to enzymes/microorganisms that can survive in extreme environments. Such entities include thermostable and organic solvent-tolerating microorganisms/enzymes. The study of enzymes (such as amylases, proteases, lipases, and nitrilases) that can tolerate high organic solvent concentrations has revolutionized the way science and industry work together and evolve. Organic solvent-rich environments provide an edge with respect to enzyme behavior and applications as compared with aqueous environments. These behavioral attributes in organic solvent-rich environments include thermal stability, a positive shift in the thermodynamic equilibrium, simple removal of solvent from the system, and enhanced enantio-recognition and stereo-stability. Non-aqueous biocatalysis is a key area of research that has led us in various directions through the exploration of the stated properties of such enzymes. The applications of non-aqueous biocatalysis include the biocatalytic synthesis of cardiovascular drugs and anti-inflammatory agents, the resolution of racemic acids and alcohols, and fatty acid ester synthesis.

This chapter narrates the journey of these extremists—these solvent-tolerant microorganisms/enzymes—from the initial need for their identification to their multifarious applications in solving environmental, industrial, and biotechnological issues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Shivanshi Vashist & Rohit Sharma

  2. Cluster Innovation Centre in Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Shivanshi Vashist & Rohit Sharma

  3. BioNEST- Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Shivanshi Vashist & Rohit Sharma

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  1. Shivanshi Vashist
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  2. Rohit Sharma
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Correspondence to Rohit Sharma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Dilfuza Egamberdieva

  2. Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Nils-Kåre Birkeland

  3. Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Hovik Panosyan

  4. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Wen-Jun Li

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Vashist, S., Sharma, R. (2018). Why Settle for Mediocre, When Extremophiles Exist?. In: Egamberdieva, D., Birkeland, NK., Panosyan, H., Li, WJ. (eds) Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 8. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0329-6_16

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