Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plant–Microbe Interaction for the Removal of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Site

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

The diversity of microbes present in the rhizosphere plays a significant role in nutrient cycling and soil sustainability. Plant–microbe-modulated phytoremediation is a viable technology for the cleanup of contaminated environments. Several plants that were identified have various degrees of capacity to eliminate, degrade or detoxify, metabolize, or immobilize a wide range of soil contaminants. Plant-based remediation technologies are not yet commercialized because of its major limitation of slow process and restricted bioavailability of the contaminants, and it is greatly influenced by the climatic factors. The extensive use of plants can overcome most of the limitations by exploring the potential of microbe–plant–metal interaction. The biogeochemical process occurring in the root zone can influence on several rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae directly linked with microbial metabolite synthesis. Thus, a holistic approach of novel remediation technologies and understanding of plant–microbe–contaminant interaction would help for customizing phytoremediation process in relation to site-specific contamination. There is a huge challenge to remediation of contaminated sites by long-term accumulation of heavy metal. Unlike organic contaminants, metals are very much resistant to degradation, and in the long run, continuous accumulation may cause food chain contamination. It is very important to decontaminate the polluted sites in order to reach safe level of metal concentration below the threshold limit of toxicity. Recent studies revealed that phytoextraction, mainly the use of hyperaccumulator plants to extract toxic metals from the contaminated sites, has emerged as a cost-effective, eco-friendly cleanup technology. Novel, efficient microbes and their potential use in the plant rhizosphere could further enhance the phytoremediation for wider range of soil contaminants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abou-Shanab RA, Angle JS, Delorme TA, Chaney RL, van Berkum P, Moawad H, Ghanem K, Ghozlan HA (2003) Rhizobacterial effects on nickel extraction from soil and uptake by Alyssum murale. New Phytol 158(1):219–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abou-Shanab RA, Angle JS, van Berkum P (2007) Chromate-tolerant bacteria for enhanced metal uptake by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.). Int J Phytorem 9:91–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson TA, Coats JR (1995) Screening rhizosphere soil samples for the ability to mineralize elevated concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor. J Environ Sci Health B 30:473–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arwidsson Z, Johansson E, von Kronhelm T, Allard B, van Hees P (2010) Remediation of metal contaminated soil by organic metabolites from fungi—production of organic acids. Water Air Soil Pollut 205:215–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babu AG, Reddy S (2011) Dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal and phosphate solubilising fungi contributes in sustainable maintenance of plant health in fly ash ponds. Water Air Soil Pollut 219:3–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker AJM, Reeves RD, McGrath SP (1991) In situ decontamination of heavy metal polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants—a feasibility study. In: Hinchee RE, Olfenbuttel RF (eds) Situ bioreclamation. Butterworth Heinemann, Stoneham, pp 539–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumann A (1885) Das Verhalten von Zinksatzen gegen Pflanzen und im Boden. Landwirtsch Vers-Statn 31:1–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Begonia MT, Begonia GB, Ighoavodha M, Gilliard D (2005) Lead accumulation by tall fescue (Festucaarundinacea Schreb) grown on a lead contaminated soil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2:228–233

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Belimov AA, Dietz K-J (2000) Effect of associative bacteria on element composition of barley seedlings grown in solution culture at toxic cadmium concentrations. Microbiol Res 155:113–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belimov AA, Safronova VI, Sergeyeva TA, Egorova TN, Matveyeva VA, Tsyganov VE, Borisov AY, Tikhonovich IA, Kluge C, Preisfeld A, Dietz KJ, Stepanok VV (2001) Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from polluted soils and containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase. Can J Microbiol 47:242–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beolchini F, Dell’Anno A, Propris LD, Ubaldini S, Cerrone F, Danovaro R (2009) Auto- and heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria enhance the bioremediation efficiency of sediments contaminated by heavy metals. Chemosphere 74:1321–1326

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bingham FT, Pereyea FJ, Jarrell WM (1986) Metal toxicity to agricultural crops. Met Ions Biol Syst 20:119–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Gibb J (2013) Rhizoreduction of arsenate and chromate in Australian native grass, shrub and tree vegetation. Plant Soil 367:615–625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braud A, Hannauer M, Milsin GLA, Schalk IJ (2009a) The Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyochelin-iron uptake pathway and its metal specificity. J Bacteriol 191:5317–5325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braud A, Jézéquel K, Bazot S, Lebeau T (2009b) Enhanced phytoextraction of an agricultural Cr, Hg- and Pb-contaminated soil by bioaugmentation with siderophore producing bacteria. Chemosphere 74:280–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braud A, Geoffroy V, Hoegy F, Mislin GLA, Schalk IJ (2010) The siderophores pyoverdine and pyochelin are involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance against metals: another biological function of these two siderophores. Environ Microbiol Rep 2:419–425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burd GI, Dixonand DG, Glick BR (1998) A plant growth promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicity in seedlings. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:3663–3668

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chaney RL (1983) Plant uptake of inorganic waste. In: Parr JE, Marsh PB, Kla JM (eds) Land treatment of hazardous waste. Noyes Data Corp, Park Ridge, pp 50–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee S, Sau GB, Mukherjee SK (2009) Plant growth promotion by a hexavalent chromium reducing bacterial strain, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans KUCr3. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:1829–1836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhry Q, Blom-Zandstra M, Gupta SK, Joner E (2005) Utilizing the synergy between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms to enhance breakdown of organic pollutants in the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 12:34–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SY, Lin JG (2001) Effect of substrate concentration on bioleaching of metal-contaminated sediment. J Hazard Mater 82:77–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YX, Wang YP, Lin Q, Luo YM (2005) Effect of copper-tolerant rhizosphere bacteria on mobility of copper in soil and copper accumulation by Elsholtzia splendens. Environ Int 31:861–866

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Das N, Vimala R, Karthika P (2008) Biosorption of heavy metals – an overview. Indian J Biotechnol 7:159–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davari M, Homaee M, Khodaverdiloo H (2010) Modeling phytoremediation of Ni and Cd from contaminated soils using macroscopic transpiration reduction functions. J Sci Technol Agric Natural Resour Water Soil Sci 14:75–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Gregorio S, Lampis S, Vallini G (2005) Selenite precipitation by a rhizospheric strain of Stenotrophomonas sp isolated from the root system of Astragalus bisulcatus: a biotechnological perspective. Environ Int 31:233–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dimkpa CO, Merten D, Svatoš A, Büchel G, Kothe E (2009) Siderophores mediate reduced and increased uptake of cadmium by Streptomyces tendae F4 and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), respectively. J Appl Microbiol 107:1687–1696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dua M, Sethunathan N, Johri AK (2002) Biotechnology bioremediation success and limitations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59:143–152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst WHO (2000) Evolution of metal hyperaccumulation and phytoremediation hype. New Phytol 146:357–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fasim F, Ahmed N, Parsons R, Gadd GM (2002) Solubilization of zinc salts by a bacterium isolated from the air environment of a tannery. FEMS Microbiol Lett 213:1–6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fomina MA, Alexander IJ, Colpaert JV, Gadd GM (2005) Solubilization of toxic metal minerals and metal tolerance of mycorrhizal fungi. Soil Biol Biochem 37:851–866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garbisu C, Hernandez-Allica J, Barrutia O, Alkorta I, Becerril JM (2002) Phytoremediation: a technology using green plants to remove contaminants from polluted areas. Rev Environ Health 17:173–188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giller KE, Witter E, McGrath SP (1998) Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils. Soil Biol Biochem 30:1389–1414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glick BR (2010) Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnol Adv 28:367–374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glick BR, Bashan Y (1997) Genetic manipulation of plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance biocontrol of phytopathogens. Biotechnol Adv 15:353–378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glick BR, Karaturovic DM, Newell PC (1995) A novel procedure for rapid isolation of plant growth promoting pseudomonads. Can J Microbiol 41:533–536

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Chavez C, D’Haen J, Vangronsveld JJ, Dodd JC (2002) Copper sorption and accumulation by the extraradical mycelium of different Glomus spp. (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) isolated from the same polluted soil. Plant Soil 240:287–297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Chavez MC, Carrillo-Gonzalez R, Wright SF, Nichols KA (2004) The role of glomalin, a protein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, in sequestering potentially toxic elements. Environ Pollut 130:317–323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrier LA (2001) The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: a molecular review of the fungal dimension. J Exp Bot 52:469–478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley J, Cairney JWG, Meharg AA (1997) Do ectomycorrhizal fungi exhibit adaptive tolerance to potentially toxic metals in the environment? Plant Soil 189:303–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrandt U, Kaldorf M, Bothe H (1999) The zinc violet and its colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J Plant Physiol 154:709–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoberg E, Marschner P, Lieberei R (2005) Organic acid exudation and pH changes by Gordonia sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens grown with P adsorbed to goethite. Microbiol Res 160:177–187

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Idris R, Trifonova R, Puschenreiter M, Wenzel WW, Sessitsch A (2004) Bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the Ni hyperaccumulator Thlaspi goesingense. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:2667–2677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Islam MR, Madhaiyan M, Deka Boruah HP, Yim W, Lee G, Saravanan VS, Fu Q, Hu H, Sa T (2009) Characterization of plant growth-promoting traits of three-living diazotrophic bacteria and their inoculation effects on growth and nitrogen uptake of crop plants. J Microbiol Biotechnol 19:1213–1222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen E, Michels M, van Til M, Doelman P (1994) Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial diversity and activity as shown by the sensitivity-resistance index, an ecologically relevant parameter. Biol Fertil Soils 17:177–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jing Y, He Z, Yang X (2007) Role of soil rhizobacteria in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 8:192–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi PM, Juwarkar AA (2009) In vivo studies to elucidate the role of extracellular polymeric substances from Azotobacter in immobilization of heavy metals. Environ Sci Technol 43:5884–5889

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juwarkar AA, Nair A, Dubey KV, Singh SK, Devotta S (2007) Biosurfactant technology for remediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soils. Chemosphere 10:1996–2002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaldorf M, Kuhn M, Schroder WH, Hildebrandt U, Bothe H (1999) Selective element deposits in maize colonized by a heavy metal tolerance conferring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. J Plant Physiol 154:718–728

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kavamura NV, Esposito E (2008) Biotechnological strategies applied to the decontamination of soils polluted with heavy metals. Biotechnol Adv 28:61–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan AG, Kuek C, Chaudhry TM, Khoo CS, Hayes WJ (2000) Role of plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Chemosphere 41:197–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krupa P, Kozdrój J (2007) Ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria provide protection against heavy metals in inoculated pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. Water Air Soil Pollut 182:83–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuffner M, De Maria S, Puschenreiter M, Fallmann K, Wieshammer G, Gorfer M et al (2010) Culturable bacteria from Zn- and Cd accumulating Salix caprea with differential effects on plant growth and heavy metal availability. J Appl Microbiol 108:1471–1484

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lasat HA (2002) Phytoextraction of toxic metals: a review of biological mechanisms. J Environ Qual 31:109–120

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazcano EA, Guerrero-Zuñiga LA, Rodriguez-Tovar A, Rodriguez-Dorantes A, Vasquez-Murrieta MS (2010) Rhizospheric plant-microbe interactions that enhance the remediation of contaminated soil. In: Méndez-Vilas A (ed) Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology, Microbiology book series. Formatex Research Center, Barcelona, pp 251–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Li WC, Ye ZH, Wong MH (2010) Metal mobilization and production of short-chain organic acids by rhizosphere bacteria associated with a Cd/Zn hyperaccumulating plant Sedum alfredii. Plant Soil 326:453–467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Rajkumar M, Freitas H (2009) Improvement of plant growth and nickel uptake by nickel resistant-plant-growth promoting bacteria. J Hazard Mater 166:1154–1161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Prasad MNV, Rajkumar M, Freitas H (2011) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and endophytes accelerate phytoremediation of metalliferous soils. Biotechnol Adv 29:248–258

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madhaiyan M, Poonguzhali S, Sa T (2007) Metal tolerating methylotrophic bacteria reduces nickel and cadmium toxicity and promotes plant growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Chemosphere 69:220–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martino E, Perotto S, Parsons R, Gadd GM (2003) Solubilization of insoluble inorganic zinc compounds by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi derived from heavy metal polluted sites. Soil Biol Biochem 35:133–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath SP, Chaudri AM, Giller KE (1995) Long-term effects of metals in sewage sludge on soils, microorganisms and plants. J Ind Microbiol 14:94–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath SP, Zhao FJ, Lombi E (2001) Plant and rhizosphere processes involved in phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. Plant Soil 232(1–2):207–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meharg AA (2003) The mechanistic basis of interactions between mycorrhizal associations and toxic metal cations. Mycol Res 107:1253–1265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mergeay M, Nies D, Schlegel HG, Gerits J, Charles P, Van Gijsegem F (1985) Alcaligenes eutrophus CH34 is a facultative chemolithotroph with plasmid-bound resistance to heavy metals. J Bacteriol 162(1):328–334

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Minguzzi C, Vergnano O (1948) Il contento di nichel nelli ceneri di Alyssum bertlonii Desv. Atti della Societa Toscana di Science Naturali Mem Ser A 55:49–77

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miransari M (2011) Hyperaccumulators, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and stress of heavy metals. Biotechnol Adv 29:645–653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajkumar M, Ae N, Prasad MNV, Freitas H (2010) Potential of siderophore-producing bacteria for improving heavy metal phytoextraction. Trends Biotechnol 28:142–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajkumar M, Sandhya S, Prasad MNV, Freitas H (2012) Perspectives of plant-associated microbes in heavy metal phytoremediation. Biotechnol Adv 30:1562–1574

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rascio W (1977) Metal accumulation by some plants growing on Zn mine deposits. Oikos 29:250–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin I, Ensley BD (2000) Phytoremediation of toxic metals: using plants to clean up the environment. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed M, Glick B (2005) Growth of canola (Brassica napus) in the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria and either copper or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Can J Microbiol 51:1061–1069

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richards B, Steenhus T, Peverly J, McBride M (2000) Effect of sludge-processing mode, soil texture and soil pH on metal mobility in undisturbed soil columns under accelerated loading. Environ Pollut 109:327–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan PR, Delhaize E, Jones DL (2001) Function and mechanism of organic anion exudation from plant roots. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 52:527–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salt DE, Blaylock M, Kumar NP, Dushenkov V, Ensley BD, Chet I, Raskin I (1995) Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants. Biotechnology 13:468–474

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salt DE, Smith RD, Raskin L (1998) Phytoremediation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 49(1):643–668

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan VS, Madhaiyan M, Thangaraju M (2007) Solubilization of zinc compounds by the diazotrophic, plant growth promoting bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Chemosphere 66:1794–1798

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalk IJ, Hannauer M, Braud A (2011) New roles for bacterial siderophores in metal transport and tolerance. Environ Microbiol 13:2844–2854

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz B, Boyle C (2006) What are endophytes? In: Schulz BJE, Boyle CJC, Sieber TN (eds) Microbial root endophytes. Springer, Berlin

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Seshadri B, Bolan NS, Naidu R (2015) Rhizosphere-induced heavy metal(loid) transformation in relation to bioavailability and remediation. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 15:524–548

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah FR, Ahmad N, Masood KR, Peralta-Videa JR, Ahmad FD (2010) Heavy metal toxicity in plants. In: Ashraf M, Ozturk M, Ahmad MSA (eds) Plant adaptation and phytoremediation. Springer, Dordrecht/Heidelberg/London/New York, p 71

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sheng XF, Xia JJ, Jiang CY, He LY, Qian M (2008) Characterization of heavy metal-resistant endophytic bacteria from rape (Brassica napus) roots and their potential in promoting the growth and lead accumulation of rape. Environ Pollut 156:1164–1170

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shi JY, Lin HR, Yuan XF, Chen XC, Shen CF, Chen YX (2011) Enhancement of copper availability and microbial community changes in rice rhizospheres affected by sulfur. Molecules 16:1409–1417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha S, Mukherjee SK (2008) Cadmium-induced siderophore production by a high Cd-resistant bacterial strain relieved Cd toxicity in plants through root colonization. Curr Microbiol 56:55–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SE, Read DJ (1997) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Taghavi S, Mergeay M, Nies D, van der Lelie D (1997) Alcaligenes eutrophus as a model system for bacterial interactions with heavy metals in the environment. Res Microbiol 148:536–551

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tank N, Saraf M (2009) Enhancement of plant growth and decontamination of nickel-spiked soil using PGPR. J Basic Microbiol 49:195–204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turnau K (1998) Heavy metal content and localization in mycorrhizal Euphorbia cyparissias from zinc wastes in Southern Poland. Act Soc Bot Pol 67:105–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Utsunamyia T (1980) Japanese Patent Application No. 55–72959

    Google Scholar 

  • Vangronsveld J, Herzig R, Weyens N, Boulet J, Adriaensen K, Ruttens A, Thewys T, Vassilev A, Meers E, Nehnelajova E, van der Lelie D, Mench M (2009) Phytoremediation of contaminated soils and groundwater: lessons from the field. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16:765–794

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesh NM, Vedaraman N (2012) Remediation of soil contaminated with copper using rhamnolipids produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2297 using waste frying rice bran oil. Ann Microbiol 62:85–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vivas A, Biro B, Ruíz-Lozanoa JM, Azcon R (2006) Two bacterial strains isolated from a Zn-polluted soil enhance plant growth and mycorrhizal efficiency under Zn toxicity. Chemosphere 52:1523–1533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volesky B, Holan ZR (1995) Biosorption of heavy metals. Biotechnol Prog 11:235–250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel WW (2009) Rhizosphere processes and management in plant-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) of soils. Plant Soil 321:385–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel WW, Lombi E, Adriano DC (1999) Biochemical processes in the rhizosphere: role in phytoremediation of metal-polluted soils. In: Prasad MNV, Hagemeyer J (eds) Heavy metal stress in plants: from molecules to ecosystems. Springer, Heidelberg/Berlin/New York, pp 273–303

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Weyens N, van der Lelie D, Taghavi S, Vangronsveld J (2009) Phytoremediation: plant-endophyte partnerships take the challenge. Curr Opin Biotechnol 20:248–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whiting SN, de Souza MP, Terry N (2001) Rhizosphere bacteria mobilize Zn for hyperaccumulation by Thlaspi caerulescens. Environ Sci Technol 35:3144–3150

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wichard T, Bellenger JP, Morel FM, Kraepiel AM (2009) Role of the siderophore azotobactin in the bacterial acquisition of nitrogenase metal cofactors. Environ Sci Technol 43:7218–7224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wright SF, Upadhyaya A (1998) A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 198:97–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu SC, Cao ZH, Li ZG, Cheung KC, Wong MH (2005) Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma 125:155–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Tu S, Wang G, Liao X, Yan X (2012) Effectiveness of applying arsenate reducing bacteria to enhance arsenic removal from polluted soils by Pteris vittata L. Int J Phytorem 14:89–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarei M, Hempel S, Wubet T, Schäfer T, Savaghebi G, Jouzani GS, Nekouei MK, Buscot F (2010) Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to soil chemical properties and heavy metal contamination. Environ Pollut 158:2757–2765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JL (1999) Zn biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus and other fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51:686–693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang X, Chen J, Shim H, Bai Z (2007) New advances in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for bioremediation. Environ Int 33:406–413

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabi bagh, Berasia Road, Nabibagh, Bhopal, 462038, India

    Asit Mandal, J. K. Thakur, Asha Sahu, Sudeshna Bhattacharjya, M. C. Manna & Ashok K. Patra

Authors
  1. Asit Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. K. Thakur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asha Sahu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sudeshna Bhattacharjya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. C. Manna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ashok K. Patra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asit Mandal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of MIcrobial Technology, Amity University Amity Institute of MIcrobial Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Devendra K. Choudhary

  2. Amity University, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

  3. Amity University, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity University, noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Narendra Tuteja

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mandal, A., Thakur, J.K., Sahu, A., Bhattacharjya, S., Manna, M.C., Patra, A.K. (2016). Plant–Microbe Interaction for the Removal of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Site. In: Choudhary, D., Varma, A., Tuteja, N. (eds) Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2854-0_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation