Abstract
The most important ancient distinctions concerning judgement and reasoning were acknowledged and developed by medieval thinkers. In general, medieval thinkers distinguished between three modes of intellectual understanding: apprehension of simple objects, combining and separating these objects, and reasoning from the known to the unknown. The first mode is concerned with concept formation, the second with making a judgement, and the third with acquiring knowledge on the basis of what is already known by judgements. This distinction corresponds to that of standard logic textbooks between terms, propositions and reasoning.
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Perälä, M. (2014). Medieval Theories of Judgement and Reasoning. In: Knuuttila, S., Sihvola, J. (eds) Sourcebook for the History of the Philosophy of Mind. Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6967-0_21
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