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NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Toxicity of Fibrous Particles

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Biological Effects of Fibrous and Particulate Substances

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Abstract

Long airborne fibers such as asbestos and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are more potent activators of carcinogenesis, inflammation, and genotoxicity than short or tangled fibers. It has recently been reported that fibrous particles trigger the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and cause inflammatory diseases through the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a major component of the innate immune system in responses to infection and tissue injury in phagocytotic cells. The shape, size, charge, and biopersistence of particulate substances are the most important factors affecting their ability to cause NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated proinflammatory responses. In this review, the current understandings are summarized and discussed regarding the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome induction by various fibrous particles. In addition, the review demonstrates the potential mechanism of IL-1β secretion through the NLRP3 inflammasome, with a focus on the role of the GTPase effector Rho kinases (ROCK1 and 2), which are known to be involved in a wide range of cellular functions including adhesion, regulation of the cytoskeleton, and phagocytosis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 24590868).

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  1. Department of Legal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan

    Sanae Kanno Ph.D.

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  1. Sanae Kanno Ph.D.
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  1. Dept. Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

    Takemi Otsuki

  2. Dept. of Toxicology and Safety Science Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Yasuo Yoshioka

  3. Center for Env. Health Sciences University of Montana, Missoula, Minnesota, USA

    Andrij Holian

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Kanno, S. (2016). NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Toxicity of Fibrous Particles. In: Otsuki, T., Yoshioka, Y., Holian, A. (eds) Biological Effects of Fibrous and Particulate Substances. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55732-6_2

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