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Gene Transfer to the Skin by Physical Methods of Delivery

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Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement

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Abstract

The skin is a highly complex and immunogenic organ and has important roles in acting as a barrier, temperature regulation, absorption, and sensation. These properties as well as ease of application to the skin also make it an ideal target for gene delivery. Several methods have been developed to penetrate the skin and enhance gene delivery through or within the skin. The physical methods employed include biolistic delivery, which involves the use of heavy metal particles applied at high velocities to penetrate the skin; electroporation has also been developed as a non- or minimally invasive technique for skin penetration, which acts through the application of electric current to permeabilize the cell membranes and allow for uptake of macromolecules; ultrasound, plasma gas, and magnetofection have also been used as alternative methods for gene delivery that are in varying stages of use and development; both thermal and nonthermal ablation will be discussed in this chapter, as well as multiple techniques for tissue abrasion. The preclinical and clinical studies will be discussed for each of these techniques. We will also present conclusions and future directions of this area of research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Amy Donate

  2. School of Medical Diagnostics and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Richard Heller

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  1. Amy Donate
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  1. Apoteka “Beograd”, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nina Dragicevic

  2. San Francisco, California, USA

    Howard I. Maibach

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Donate, A., Heller, R. (2017). Gene Transfer to the Skin by Physical Methods of Delivery. In: Dragicevic, N., I. Maibach, H. (eds) Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Physical Methods in Penetration Enhancement. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53273-7_29

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