Abstract
Tropical forests have been decreasing worldwide owing to illegal logging, fire, and conversion into agricultural lands. Numerous studies of tropical forest mycorrhizas have indicated the dominance of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. The diversity of AM fungal is generally higher in tropical forests than other forests. Colonization by AM fungi has potential to improve growth of tropical tree species as survival rates of mycorrhizal tree seedlings can be higher than those of non-colonized seedlings. Inoculation with AM fungi at the nursery stage is effective for a large-scale reforestation of degraded tropical forests. Mycorrhizal dependency differs among tree species, and where it was higher in Ulmaceae and Bignoniaceae, it was related to root morphological properties. Selection of an appropriate combination of tree species and fungal species is also important for a successful reforestation program.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adjoud D, Plenchette C, Hallihargas R, Lapeyrie F (1996) Response of 11 eucalyptus species to inoculation with three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza 6:129–135
Bá AM, Plenchette C, Danthu P, Duponnois R, Guissou T (2000) Functional compatibility of two arbuscular mycorrhizae with thirteen fruit trees in Senegal. Agrofor Syst 50:95–105
Baylis GTS (1970) Root hairs and phycomycetous mycorrhizas in phosphorus-deficient soil. Plant and Soil 33:713–716
Bereau M, Barigah TS, Louisanna E, Garbaye J (2000) Effects of endomycorrhizal development and light regimes on the growth of Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff seedlings. Ann For Sci 57:725–733
Bisht R, Chaturvedi S, Srivastava R, Sharma AK, Johri BN (2009) Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium leguminosarum on the growth and nutrient status of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Trop Ecol 50:231–242
Cáceres A, Cuenca G (2006) Contrasting response of seedlings of two tropical species Clusia minor and Clusia multiflora to mycorrhizal inoculation in two soils with different pH. Trees 20:593–600
Cuenca G, Lovera M (2010) Seasonal variation and distribution at different soil depths of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in a tropical sclerophyllous shrubland. Botany 88:54–64
de Grandcourt A, Epron D, Montpied P, Louisanna E, Bereau M, Garbaye J, Guehl JM (2004) Contrasting responses to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus availability in seedlings of two tropical rainforest tree species. New Phytol 161:865–875
Duponnois R, Plenchette C, Ba AM (2001) Growth stimulation of seventeen fallow leguminous plants inoculated with Glomus aggregatum in Senegal. Eur J Soil Biol 37:181–186
FAO (2001) The global forest resources assessment 2000. http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/003/X9835e/X9835e00.htm#P469_24024
Fenning TM, Gershenzon J (2002) Where will the wood come from? Plantation forests and the role of biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 1–6
Giri B, Kapoor R, Agarwal L, Mukerji KG (2004) Preinoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae helps Acacia auriculiformis grow in degraded Indian wasteland soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 35:193–204
Graham LL, Turjaman M, Page SE (2013) Shorea balangeran and Dyera polyphylla (syn. Dyera lowii) as tropical peat swamp forest restoration transplant species: effects of mycorrhizae and level of disturbance. Wetl Ecol Manag 21(5):307–321
Guadarrama P, Alvarez-Sanchez FJ (1999) Abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores in different environments in a tropical rain forest, Veracruz, Mexico. Mycorrhiza 8:267–270
Guadarrama P, Alvarez-Sanchez FJ, Briones O (2004) Seedling growth of two pioneer tree species in competition: the role of arbuscular mycorrhizae. Euphytica 138:113–121
Guissou T, Ba AM, Ouadba JM, Guinko S, Duponnois R (1998) Responses of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth, Tamarindus indica L. and Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a phosphorus-deficient sandy soil. Biol Fertil Soils 26:194–198
Hattenschwiler S, Coq S, Barantal S, Handa IT (2011) Leaf traits and decomposition in tropical rainforests: revisiting some commonly held views and towards a new hypothesis. New Phytol 189:950–965
Haug I, Wubet T, Weiss M, Aguirre N, Weber M, Gunter S, Kottke I (2010) Species-rich but distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in reforestation plots on degraded pastures and in neighboring pristine tropical mountain rain forest. Trop Ecol 51:125–148
Holford ICR (1997) Soil phosphorus: its measurement, and its uptake by plants. Aust J Soil Res 35:227–239
Huat OK, Awang K, Hashim A, Majid NM (2002) Effects of fertilizers and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the growth and photosynthesis of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs seedlings. For Ecol Manag 158:51–58
Husband R, Herre EA, Turner SL, Gallery R, Young JPW (2002a) Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and patterns of host association over time and space in a tropical forest. Mol Ecol 11:2669–2678
Husband R, Herre EA, Young JPW (2002b) Temporal variation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal communities colonising seedlings in a tropical forest. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 42:131–136
Janos DP (1980) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae affect lowland tropical rain forest plant growth. Ecology 61:151–162
Kashyap S, Sharma S, Vasudevan P (2004) Role of bioinoculants in development of salt-resistant saplings of Morus alba (var. sujanpuri) in vivo. Sci Hortic 100:291–307
Kiers ET, Lovelock CE, Krueger EL, Herre EA (2000) Differential effects of tropical arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inocula on root colonization and tree seedling growth: implications for tropical forest diversity. Ecol Lett 3:106–113
Kobayashi S (2004) Landscape rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest ecosystems. Case study of the CIFOR/Japan project in Indonesia and Peru. For Ecol Manage 201:13–22
Kottke I, Beck A, Oberwinkler F, Homeier J, Neill D (2004) Arbuscular endomycorrhizas are dominant in the organic soil of a neotropical montane cloud forest. J Trop Ecol 20:125–129
Laurance WF (1999) Reflection on the tropical deforestation crisis. Biol Conserv 91:109–117
Manjunath A, Habte M (1991) Root morphological characteristics of host species having distinct mycorrhizal dependency. Can J Bot 69:671–676
McGuire KL, Henkel TW, de la Cerda IG, Villa G, Edmund F, Andrew C (2008) Dual mycorrhizal colonization of forest-dominating tropical trees and the mycorrhizal status of non-dominant tree and liana species. Mycorrhiza 18:217–222
Michelsen A, Rosendahl S (1990) The effect of VA mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus and drought stress on the growth of Acacia nilotica and Leucaena leucocephala seedlings. Plant and Soil 124:7–13
Moreira FMD, de Carvalho TS, Siqueira JO (2010) Effect of fertilizers, lime, and inoculation with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of four leguminous tree species in a low-fertility soil. Biol Fertil Soils 46:771–779
Moyersoen B, Fitter AH (1999) Presence of arbuscular mycorrhizas in typically ectomycorrhizal host species from Cameroon and New Zealand. Mycorrhiza 8:247–253
Moyersoen B, Alexander IJ, Fitter AH (1998) Phosphorus nutrition of ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree seedlings from a lowland tropical rain forest in Korup National Park, Cameroon. J Trop Ecol 14:47–61
Moyersoen B, Becker P, Alexander IJ (2001) Are ectomycorrhizas more abundant than arbuscular mycorrhizas in tropical heath forests? New Phytol 150:591–599
Munyanziza E, Kehri HK, Bagyaraj DJ (1997) Agricultural intensification, soil biodiversity and agro-ecosystem function in the tropics: the role of mycorrhiza in crops and trees. Appl Soil Ecol 6:77–85
Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K (2010) Growth response and nutrient utilization of Casuarina equisetifolia seedlings inoculated with bioinoculants under tropical nursery conditions. New For 40:101–118
Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K, Rajeshkannan V (2001) Response of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphate-solubilizing and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria under tropical nursery conditions. Biol Fertil Soils 34:417–426
Plassard C, Dell B (2010) Phosphorus nutrition of mycorrhizal trees. Tree Physiol 30:1129–1139
Rajan SK, Reddy BJD, Bagyaraj DJ (2000) Screening of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for their symbiotic efficiency with Tectana grandis. For Ecol Manage 126:91–95
Saif SR (1987) Growth-responses of tropical forage plant-species to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. I. Growth, mineral uptake and mycorrhizal dependency. Plant and Soil 97:25–35
Siqueira JO, Saggin-Junior OJ (2001) Dependency on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and responsiveness of some Brazilian native woody species. Mycorrhiza 11:245–255
Siqueira JO, Saggin-Junior OJ, Flores-Aylas WW, Guimaraes PTG (1998) Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and superphosphate application influence plant development and yield of coffee in Brazil. Mycorrhiza 7:293–300
Sturmer SL, Leal PL, Siqueira JO (2009) Occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in trap cultures from soils under different land use systems in the Amazon, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 40:111–121
Tawaraya K, Takaya Y, Turjaman M, Tuah SJ, Limin SH, Tamai Y, Cha JY, Wagatsuma T, Osaki M (2003) Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of tree species grown in peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. For Ecol Manage 182:381–386
Torti SD, Coley PD, Janos DP (1997) Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in two tropical monodominant trees. J Trop Ecol 13:623–629
Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Santoso E, Osaki M, Tawaraya K (2006) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased early growth of two nontimber forest product species Dyera polyphylla and Aquilaria filaria under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza 16:459–464
Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Sitepu IR, Santoso E, Osaki M, Tawaraya K (2008) Improvement of early growth of two tropical peat-swamp forest tree species Ploiarium alternifolium and Calophyllum hosei by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under greenhouse conditions. New For 36:1–12
Urgiles N, Lojan P, Aguirre N, Blaschke H, Gunter S, Stimm B, Kottke I (2009) Application of mycorrhizal roots improves growth of tropical tree seedlings in the nursery: a step towards reforestation with native species in the Andes of Ecuador. New For 38:229–239
Vaast P, Zasoski RJ, Bledsoe CS (1996) Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation at different soil P availabilities on growth and nutrient uptake of in vitro propagated coffee (Coffee arabica L) plant. Mycorrhiza 6:493–497
Whitmore TC (1989) Southeast Asian tropical forests. In: Leith H, Werger MJA (eds) Biogeographical and ecological studies. Ecosystems of the world 14B: tropical rain forest ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 195–218
Wubet T, Kottke I, Teketay D, Oberwinkler F (2009) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structures differ between co-occurring tree species of dry Afromontane tropical forest, and their seedlings exhibit potential to trap isolates suited for reforestation. Mycol Prog 8:317–328
Youpensuk S, Lumyong S, Dell B, Rerkasem B (2004) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Macaranga denticulata Muell. Arg., and their effect on the host plant. Agrofor Syst 60:239–246
Zandavalli RB, Dillenburg LR, de Souza PVD (2004) Growth responses of Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae) to inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum. Appl Soil Ecol 25:245–255
Zangaro W, Nishidate FR, Vandresen J, Andrade G, Nogueira MA (2007) Root mycorrhizal colonization and plant responsiveness are related to root plasticity, soil fertility and successional status of native woody species in southern Brazil. J Trop Ecol 23:53–62
Zangaro W, de Assis RL, Rostirola LV, Souza P, Goncalves MC, Andrade G, Nogueira MA (2008) Changes in arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and fine root traits in sites under different plant successional phases in southern Brazil. Mycorrhiza 19:37–45
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tawaraya, K., Turjaman, M. (2014). Use of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Reforestation of Degraded Tropical Forests. In: Solaiman, Z., Abbott, L., Varma, A. (eds) Mycorrhizal Fungi: Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration. Soil Biology, vol 41. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45370-4_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45370-4_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45369-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45370-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)