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Enzymatically Synthesized Biosilica

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Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

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Abstract

Structural biomaterials are hierarchically organized and biofabricated. Biosilica represents the main mineral component of the sponge skeletal elements, the spicules. We summarize recent data on the different levels of molecular, biological, and structural hierarchies controlling the synthesis of the picturesquely and intricately architectured spicules/skeletons.

Biosilica is a promising material/substance for the amelioration and/or treatment of human bone diseases and dysfunctions. It has been demonstrated that biosilica causes in vitro, a differential effect on the expression of the genes GlossaryTerm

OPG

(osteoprotegerin) and GlossaryTerm

RANKL

(ligand of the receptor activator of GlossaryTerm

NF-κB

), as well as induces the expression of the key mediator GlossaryTerm

BMP

-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2); they are promising candidates for treatment of osteoporosis.

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Abbreviations

BAPD:

bis(p-aminophenoxy)-dimethylsilane

BMP:

bone morphogenetic protein

Cys:

cysteine

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

HA:

hydroxyapatite

HF:

hydrofluoric

HR-SEM:

high-resolution scanning electron microscopy

NF-κB:

nuclear factor-κB

OPG:

osteoprotegerin

RANKL:

ligand of the receptor activator of NF-κB

RANK:

receptor activator of NF-κB

RAW:

ATCC cell line

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TEOS:

tetraethyl orthosilicate

aa:

amino acid

mRNA:

messenger RNA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang, Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E.G. Müller

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  1. Xiaohong Wang
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  2. Heinz C. Schröder
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  3. Werner E.G. Müller
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Correspondence to Werner E.G. Müller .

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  1. Department of Marine-Bio. Convergence Science Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Yongdang Campus, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, 608-739, Busan, Korea

    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Wang, X., Schröder, H.C., Müller, W.E. (2015). Enzymatically Synthesized Biosilica. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_57

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