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Penicillium chrysogenum: Genomics of an Antibiotics Producer

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Genomics of Soil- and Plant-Associated Fungi

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 36))

Abstract

Penicillium chrysogenum, the “golden” fungus, not only derives its name from the color of the secondary metabolite chrysogenin but also truly deserves such recognition due to the millions of lives saved by prescriptions based on the β-lactam antibiotics produced by the fungus. In 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming was the world’s first reported observer of the antibacterial activity secreted by a fungal colony (Fleming, Br J Exp Pathol 10:226–236, 1929). Starting from this legendary and somewhat lucky finding to the current industrialized production processes, more than 80 years of research has enormously improved the understanding of penicillin production. The availability of the genome sequence (van den Berg et al., Nat Biotechnol 26:1161–1168, 2008) helps to make the link from biochemical observations to genetic traits and to further understand the fungal metabolism. This improved insight will make it possible to exploit opportunities to orient research towards the discovery of new metabolites.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Although Houbraken et al. (2011) demonstrated that both Fleming’s isolate and the Wisconsin 54–1,255 strain are not P. chrysogenum but P. rubens, the name P. chrysogenum will be used throughout this chapter to avoid confusion as the P. rubens name is not yet used in databases, culture collections, and literature.

  2. 2.

    In total 8 species of Penicillium are reported to produce penicillin in culture: P. allii-sativi, P. chrysogenum, P. dipodomyis, P. flavigenum, P. nalgiovense, P. rubens, P. tardochrysogenum and P. vanluykii (Houbraken et al. 2012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Biochemistry Department (699-0310), DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, 2613 AX, The Netherlands

    Marco A. van den Berg

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  1. Dep. of Biology, Technion – Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    Benjamin A. Horwitz

  2. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India

    Prasun K. Mukherjee

  3. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India

    Mala Mukherjee

  4. Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria

    Christian P. Kubicek

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van den Berg, M.A. (2013). Penicillium chrysogenum: Genomics of an Antibiotics Producer. In: Horwitz, B., Mukherjee, P., Mukherjee, M., Kubicek, C. (eds) Genomics of Soil- and Plant-Associated Fungi. Soil Biology, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39339-6_10

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