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Nanofiber Biomaterials

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Since its inception, the field of tissue engineering has sought to rebuild the complexity of normal tissues by seeding cells onto scaffolds to support the formation of new tissue. Recently, nanofibers have gained increasing attention because these biomaterials have unique properties and are able to interface with cells at the same scale as native extracellular matrix fibrils. New fabrication technologies provide novel ways to control the nanoscale structure and properties of biomaterials, which is advantageous in the engineering of tissues for in vitro study and in vivo applications in regenerative medicine. This chapter explores the properties of nanofiber biomaterials (diameters <500  nm) and examines the specific advantages relative to other scaffold materials. This includes nanofibers from biopolymers as well as synthetic polymers, with consideration of relative advantages and disadvantages. A range of fabrication strategies is discussed that span from fiber spinning techniques, to phase separation in bulk, to directed and self-assembly. Insight is provided as to how synthetic polymers and biopolymers are used to make these nanofibers and the specific molecular structures that impart the unique mechanical, electrical, chemical, and biological properties. Analysis of these nanofiber biomaterials requires characterization techniques that are able to probe at the nanometer, micrometer, and macroscales. Examples are provided using optical microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, mechanical characterization, and as sessment of biocompatibility and biodegradation. Finally, nanofiber biomaterials have wide applications in tissue engineering; here we focus on representative examples in cardiac, musculoskeletal, ophthalmic, and neural tissue engineering.

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Abbreviations

2-D:

two-dimensional

3-D:

three-dimensional

α-SMA:

α-smooth muscle actin

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

APC:

antigen-presenting cell

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

ATQD:

N-(4-aminophenyl)-N′-(4′-(3-triethoxysilyl-propyl-ureido)phenyl-1,4-quinonenediimine)

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BFGF:

basic fibroblast growth factor

C-PANI:

conductive camphorsulfonic acid-doped emeraldine PANI

COLI:

collagen I

COLIV:

collagen IV

CS-PCL:

chitosan-graft-PCL

CS:

cross section

DAPI:

4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

DC:

dendritic cell

DIC:

differential interference contrast

DMF:

dimethylformamide

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

DRG:

dorsal root ganglion

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EDS:

energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy

ESC:

embryonic stem cell

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FIB:

fibrinogen

FITC:

fluorescein isothiocyanate

FN:

fibronectin

IF:

immunofluorescence

IKVAV-PA:

IKVAV polyacrylamide

IKVAV:

laminin derived self-assembling peptide

IL:

interleukin

IR:

infrared

LAM:

laminin

LSC:

limbal stem cells

MSC:

mesenchymal stem cell

NGF:

nerve growth factor

NSC:

neural stem cell

PA:

peptide amphiphile

PAA:

poly(acrylic acid)

PANI:

polyaniline

PBS:

phosphate buffered saline

PCL-G:

PCL-gelatin

PCL:

poly(ε-caprolactone)

PDMS:

polydimethylsiloxane

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

PEO:

poly(ethylene oxide)

PG:

proteoglycan

PGA:

poly(glycolic acid)

PGLA:

copolymer of PGA and PLLA

PIPAAm:

responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

PLA:

poly-ethylene oxide

PLA:

pulsed laser ablation

PLGA:

poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid

PLLA:

poly(l-lactic) acid

PPy:

polypyrrole

PRR:

pattern recognition receptor

PVA:

polyvinyl alcohol

RCF:

rabbit corneal fibroblast

RGD:

Arg-Gly-Asp

RJS:

rotary jet spinning

RPC:

retinal progenitor cells

RT-PCR:

real-time polymerase chain reaction

SAM:

self-assembled monolayer

SD:

standard deviation

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SF:

silk fibroin

SIM:

structured illumination microscopy

SMA:

shape-memory alloy

STORM:

stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor

THF:

tetrahydrofuran

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor

hSKMC:

human skeletal muscle cell

iPSC:

induced pluripotent stem cell

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Rachelle N. Palchesko

  2. School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, China

    Yan Sun

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Drive, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Ling Zhang

  4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Drive, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    John M. Szymanski

  5. Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Drive, 15206, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Quentin Jallerat

  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 700 Technology Dr., 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Adam W. Feinberg

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  1. Rachelle N. Palchesko
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  2. Yan Sun
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  3. Ling Zhang
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  4. John M. Szymanski
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Correspondence to Rachelle N. Palchesko , Yan Sun , Ling Zhang , John M. Szymanski , Quentin Jallerat or Adam W. Feinberg .

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main MS-321, 77005-1827, Houston, USA

    Robert Vajtai

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Palchesko, R.N., Sun, Y., Zhang, L., Szymanski, J.M., Jallerat, Q., Feinberg, A.W. (2013). Nanofiber Biomaterials. In: Vajtai, R. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20595-8_27

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