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Biodegradable Metals as Biomaterials for Clinical Practice: Iron-Based Materials

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Biomaterials in Clinical Practice

Abstract

This review presents the state-of-the-art in the development of iron-based degradable medical implants. Basic properties demanded by the new concept of degradable implants are elaborated, along with the work devoted to understand the underlying mechanism and to improve the properties towards best fitted to the natural tissue. Three application areas are considered: vascular stents, orthopedic implants and tissue engineering scaffolds. Each of these has its own specific demands imposed upon the artificial substitution materials. Biocompatibility is an essential feature that each medical implant must have, but different aspects can be considered depending on the end application. Furthermore, adequate mechanical properties and various characteristics related to the fabrication and in vitro and in vivo testing are presented for pure iron, alloys and composites, as well as joint structures. Corrosion control is a foundation in the development of these materials development and different aspects are also given. Iron-based materials need increased degradation rate because they are still more similar to the permanent implants, due to the slow corrosion process and various methods to overcome this issue have been tried. Porosity and its relation to material structures, mechanical properties, degradation behaviour, magnetic properties, and fabrication technologies, as well as methods of numerical simulations as a supporting tool have been elaborated. Porous structures represent one way to enhance corrosion, while maintaining intact other necessary properties of the biomaterial. Economic impact of the biomaterials sector in general is significant and justifies large investments in research. Iron-based materials for degradable implants are not in clinical practice yet, but the research results achieved so far promise the future applications.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been partially funded by the 2014-SGR-1015 project from the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the MAT2014-57960-C3-1-R (co-financed by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER) and SELECTA H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014 no. 642642 project and part of the project III41017—(Virtual Human Osteoarticular System and its Application in Preclinical and Clinical Practice which is sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for the period of 2011–2016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, S.Janjic 6, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Fatima Zivic, Nenad Grujovic, Slobodan Mitrovic & Dragan Adamovic

  2. Departament de Fisica, Facultat de Ciencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain

    Eva Pellicer & Jordi Sort

  3. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Sort

  4. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Maja Vulovic

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  1. Fatima Zivic
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  5. Slobodan Mitrovic
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Correspondence to Fatima Zivic .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Fatima Zivic

  2. Medical Technology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy

    Saverio Affatato

  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia

    Miroslav Trajanovic

  4. Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V., Jena, Germany

    Matthias Schnabelrauch

  5. Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Nenad Grujovic

  6. Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, United Kingdom

    Kwang Leong Choy

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Zivic, F. et al. (2018). Biodegradable Metals as Biomaterials for Clinical Practice: Iron-Based Materials. In: Zivic, F., Affatato, S., Trajanovic, M., Schnabelrauch, M., Grujovic, N., Choy, K. (eds) Biomaterials in Clinical Practice . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68025-5_9

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