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Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes Dissemination in Soils

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Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 51))

Abstract

This chapter describes the dissemination of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in soil. It starts with an overview of the current knowledge about the natural resistome in soil—mainly bacteria-producing antibiotics—and also the contribution of agriculture, animal husbandry and natural fertilization, and the use of water from the effluent to irrigate crop fields in dissemination of antibiotics in soil. The aspects related to the degradation of antibiotics in the environment and their dependence on environmental conditions are also discussed. Attention has also been paid to the complexity of the soil microbes in the biofilms community and different answers to subinhibitory concentrations of various antibiotics like the SOS response, biofilm formation, or changes in primary metabolism. The next part of this chapter focuses on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in soil and their dissemination. There are numerous examples of intrinsically resistant bacteria and also mechanisms of the acquisition or development of resistance to various antibiotics. Also emphasized is the role of antibiotic pressure leading to higher levels of resistance and the acquisition and exchange of genetic material also that from pathogenic bacteria introduced into the environment from medical settings, municipal wastewater systems, and animal husbandry facilities. The last part is dedicated to antibiotic resistance genes and the mechanism of their transfer and dissemination. This phenomenon is related to horizontal (or lateral) gene transfer through mobile genetic elements. The issue of dissemination of anthropogenically associated antibiotic resistance genes to soil is also discussed. Finally, a holistic model for understanding antibiotic resistance gene dynamics in soil is proposed.

The original version of this chapter was revised. An erratum to this chapter can be found at DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_22.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel

    Eddie Cytryn

  2. Department of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Zdzisław Markiewicz & Magdalena Popowska

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  1. Eddie Cytryn
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  2. Zdzisław Markiewicz
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  3. Magdalena Popowska
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Correspondence to Magdalena Popowska .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Vladimir Strezov

  3. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Cytryn, E., Markiewicz, Z., Popowska, M. (2017). Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes Dissemination in Soils. In: Hashmi, M., Strezov, V., Varma, A. (eds) Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils. Soil Biology, vol 51. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_9

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