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Genetic Adaptations of Bacteria for Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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Microbial Ecotoxicology

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAH) are a family of chemicals containing two or more fused benzene rings, which present ecotoxicological concerns ranging from acute toxicity in aquatic organisms to carcinogenesis in mammals. In contrast, microbial ecotoxicology of PAH centers on metabolic activities that enable utilization of PAH as growth supporting substrates. This chapter focuses on PAH biodegradation by aerobic bacteria , and examines characteristics that are important in PAH metabolism at three levels: enzyme systems that mediate catabolism and carbon assimilation, regulatory circuitry that controls expression of catabolic enzymes and cell structures and physiological activities that affect PAH uptake. The goal is to present a holistic view of the organisms and their biology that is relevant to PAH biodegradation. Of these areas, catabolism is the most developed and key enzymes and mechanisms have been elucidated. However, comparatively little is known about the regulatory systems that control expression of these enzymes. Uptake from the environment is the single most important factor affecting PAH degradation and while cellular characteristics that affect uptake are known, the process is still largely a “black box” and mechanistic details are lacking, especially regarding molecules that may facilitate PAH access. Mechanisms of regulation and uptake remain areas in need of future research. Future work should also focus on moving beyond studies of individual organisms, and gaining an understanding of PAH biodegradation processes operating within microbial consortia.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the O.N. Allen Professorship in Soil Microbiology (to WJH). The authors thank Natalie Kirk for assistance in the development of illustrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Production, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

    Vidya de Gannes

  2. O.N. Allen Laboratory for Soil Microbiology, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    William J. Hickey

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Correspondence to William J. Hickey .

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  1. Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IPREM UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France

    Cristiana Cravo-Laureau

  2. Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IPREM UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France

    Christine Cagnon

  3. Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IPREM UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France

    Béatrice Lauga

  4. Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, IPREM UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France

    Robert Duran

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de Gannes, V., Hickey, W.J. (2017). Genetic Adaptations of Bacteria for Metabolism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. In: Cravo-Laureau, C., Cagnon, C., Lauga, B., Duran, R. (eds) Microbial Ecotoxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61795-4_7

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