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Hydrocarbon Processing by Plasma

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Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Nonthermal plasma processes have been successfully utilized commercially in air pollution control, ozone generation, polymerization processes, and microelectronics processing. The addition of a liquid phase that contacts the plasma has given rise to a wide range of other potential applications in materials synthesis, biomedicine, and chemical synthesis. Applications in the petroleum and energy fields utilizing organic chemistry plasma processes have been investigated as well, for example, in hydrogen generation, gas reforming, and partial oxidation. Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is a longstanding challenge in organic chemistry, and recent work with plasma and plasma contacting liquids have demonstrated the formation of alcohols and other oxygenated species from a range of hydrocarbons. This review focuses on the functionalization of hydrocarbons with radical species produced by nonthermal plasma discharges primarily in oxygen and argon gases with liquid water. Since the types of chemical reactions that can be induced by plasma depend strongly on the composition of the gases utilized, the reactor configuration, and the plasma properties, we address two major ways of functionalizing hydrocarbons with plasma; 1) utilization of oxygen radicals from molecular oxygen and 2) utilization of hydroxyl radicals from liquid water. Both methods supply oxidants that lead to similar reaction product distributions and such plasma processes have the potential to produce value-added products efficiently and with reduced environmental impact.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant CBET 1236225 and Florida State University. We would also like to thank Prof. Igor Alabugin and Mr. Stefan Bresch for collaboration on studies dealing with electrical discharges and hexane and Prof. Sam Hsu for discussion and encouragement to prepare this chapter.

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  1. Dept. Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., FL 32310, Tallahassee, USA

    Robert J. Wandell & Bruce R. Locke

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  1. Robert J. Wandell
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  1. Dept. Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University/Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., FL 32310, Tallahassee, USA

    Chang Samuel Hsu   (許強)

  2. China University of Petroleum - Beijing College of Chemical Engineering, Changping, China

    Chang Samuel Hsu   (許強)

  3. Petro Bio Consulting LLC, Tallahassee, USA

    Chang Samuel Hsu   (許強)

  4. Katy Institute for Sustainable Energy, 3418 Clear Water Park Dr., TX 77450, Katy, USA

    Paul R. Robinson

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Wandell, R.J., Locke, B.R. (2017). Hydrocarbon Processing by Plasma. In: Hsu, C.S., Robinson, P.R. (eds) Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49347-3_41

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