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Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Immunesenescence

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The Ageing Immune System and Health

Abstract

Regular participation in exercise and physical activity is associated with many health benefits including improvements in metabolic and cardiorespiratory function. However, as we get older the time and intensity at which we exercise is severely reduced. Physical inactivity now accounts for a considerable proportion of age-related disease and mortality. These diseases are associated with an increased systemic inflammatory milieu and immunesenescence. Regular exercise and physical activity has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-immunesenescence effects, potentially delaying the health declines with ageing. No immune cells are impervious to the effects of ageing and exercise appears to modify many immunological functions. Regular exercise has been shown to improve neutrophil microbicidal functions which reduce the risk of infectious disease. Exercise participation is also associated with increased immune cell telomere length, and may be related to improved vaccine responses. The anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise and negative energy balance is evident by reduced inflammatory immune cell signatures and lower inflammatory cytokine concentrations. In this chapter we will discuss the role of physical activity and energy balance in modifying the immune system. Specifically we discuss what role each plays on limiting the incidence of immunesenescence in older adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Duke Molecular Physiology Unit, Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    David B. Bartlett Ph.D. & Kim M. Huffman M.A., Ph.D.

  2. Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA

    David B. Bartlett Ph.D.

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  1. David B. Bartlett Ph.D.
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  2. Kim M. Huffman M.A., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to David B. Bartlett Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology UNIFESP Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Valquiria Bueno

  2. MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing Birmingham University Medical School Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Janet M. Lord

  3. Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Thomas A. Jackson

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Bartlett, D.B., Huffman, K.M. (2017). Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Immunesenescence. In: Bueno, V., Lord, J., Jackson, T. (eds) The Ageing Immune System and Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43365-3_10

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