Abstract
As our knowledge of carcinogenesis advances, it is becoming increasingly evident that it is an overwhelmingly complex process. Moreover, in many ways carcinogenesis does not seem to follow a predictable pattern; often the process is quite unique. But we can identify several universal features of this process, as presented in the hallmark model by Hanahan et al. (2011). According to this model, tumors are characterized by the following main hallmarks of cancer:
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Klopfleisch, R. (2016). Basic Principles of Carcinogenesis. In: Klopfleisch, R. (eds) Veterinary Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41124-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41124-8_1
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