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Cancer Epidemiology: Incidence and Etiology of Human Neoplasms

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The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer

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Abstract

Cancer is a myriad collection of diseases with as many different manifestations as there are tissues and cell types in the human body, involving innumerable endogenous or exogenous carcinogenic agents, and various etiological mechanisms. It is now recognized that cancer, in its simplest form, is a genetic disease, or more precisely, a disease of abnormal gene expression. Recent research efforts have revealed that different forms of cancer share common molecular mechanisms governing uncontrolled cellular proliferation, involving loss, mutation, or dysregulation of genes that positively and negatively regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation (generally classified as proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes). This introduction describes cancer incidence and mortality for the major forms of human cancer, and briefly reviews some of the known risk factors and/or causes of these cancers for specific at-risk populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC Program in Translational Medicine, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    William B. Coleman Ph.D.

  2. Laboratory for Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology (CGAT), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA

    Gregory J. Tsongalis

  3. Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA

    Gregory J. Tsongalis

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  1. William B. Coleman Ph.D.
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Correspondence to William B. Coleman Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology, UNC Program in Translational Medicine, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    William B. Coleman

  2. Laboratory for Clinical Genomics and Advanced Technology (CGAT), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

    Gregory J. Tsongalis

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Coleman, W.B., Tsongalis, G.J. (2017). Cancer Epidemiology: Incidence and Etiology of Human Neoplasms. In: Coleman, W., Tsongalis, G. (eds) The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-458-2_1

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